M. A. Folkman, P. J. J., S. Thomas, D. K. Pandey, M. A. Gibson, and D. A. H. Crommelynck, 1996: The Clouds and the Earth Radiant Energy System (CERES) sensors and preflight calibration plans. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 13, 300-313.
M. Hoepffner, P. K., B. Monteny, F. Said, P. Sellers, and J. Wallace, 1995: Geographic, biologic and remote sensing aspects of the Hydrologic-Atmospheric Pilot Experiment in the Sale (HAPexSahel). Int. J. Remote Sens., in press.
M. R. Schoeberl, E. V. B., A. J. Simmons, and M. Loewenstein, 1994: Intrusions into the lower stratospheric Arctic vortex during the winter of 1991-1992. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1089-1105.
Ma, C.-C., C. R. Mechoso, A. Arakawa, and J. D. Farrara, 1994: Sensitivity of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model to physical parameterizations. J. Climate, 7, 1883-1896.
Ma, X. and G. E. Karniadakis, 2002: A low-dimensional model for simulating three-dimensional cylinder flow. J. Fluid Mech., 458, 181-190.
Ma, X. C., C. K. Shum, R. J. Eanes, and B. D. Tapley, 1994: Determination of ocean tides from the first year of TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 24809-24820.
Ma, Y., O. Tsukamoto, H. Ishikawa, Z. Su, M. Menenti, J. Wang, and J. Wen, 2002: Determination of Regional Land Surface Heat Flux Densities over Heterogeneous Landscape of HEIFE Integrating Satellite Remote Sensing with Field Observations. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 80, 485-501.
Maack, M. N. and J. Passet, 1994: Aspirations and Mentoring in an Academic Environment. Greenwood Press, 216.
Maamaatuaiahutapu, K., V. Garcon, C. Provost, M. Boulahdid, and A. P. Osiroff, 1992: Brazilmalvinas confluence: Water mass composition. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 9493-9505.
Maas, L. R. M., 2001: Wave focusing and ensuing mean flow due to symmetry breaking in rotating fluids. J. Fluid Mech., 437, 13-28.
Maat, N., C. Kraan, and W. A. Oost, 1991: The roughness of wind waves. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 54, 89-103.
Maat, N. C., C. Kraan, and W. A. Oost, 1991: The roughness of the wind waves. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 54, 89-103.
MacAdam, D. L., 1970: Sources of Color Science. MIT Press, 282.
MacCracken, M. and R. D. Bornstein, 1977: On the use of flux formulations for the adveetion processes in variable grid models. J. Comp. Phy., 23, 135-149.
MacCracken, M. C. and F. M. Luther, 1984: Preliminary estimate of the radiative and climatic effects of the El Chicho´ n eruption. Geofis. Int., 23, 385-401.
MacCracken, M. C. and F. M. Luther, 1985: Projecting the Climate Effects of Increasing Carbon Dioxide. U.S. Department of Energy, 381.
MacCready Jr., P. B., 1966: Mean wind speed measurements in turbulence. J. Appl. Meteor., 5, 219-225.
MacCready, P. B., Jr., and H. R. Jex, 1964: Response characteristics and meteorological utilization of propeller and vane wind sensors. J. Appl. Meteor., 3, 182-193.
MacDonald, A. E., Y. Xie, and R. H. Ware, 2000: Diagnosis of three-dimensional water vapor suing slant range observations from a GPS network. Mon. Wea. Rev., Submitted.
MacDonald, A. E., Y. Xie, and R. H. Ware, 2002: Diagnosis of Three-Dimensional Water Vapor Using a GPS Network. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 386-397.
MacDonald, B. C. and E. R. Reiter, 1988: Explosive cyclogenesis over the eastern United States. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 156-81586.
MacDonald, D. K. C., 1962: Thermoelectricity: An Introduction to the Principles. John Wiley, 133.
MacDonald, G. J., 1989: Spectral analysis of time series generated by nonlinear processes. Rev. Geophys., 27, 449-469.
MacDonnell, J., 1989: Jesuit Geometers. Institute of Jesuit Sources, 106.
Mace, G. G. and S. BensonTroth, 2002: Cloud-Layer Overlap Characteristics Derived from Long-Term Cloud Radar Data. J. Climate, 15, 2505-2515.
Mace, G. G., E. E. Clothiaux, and T. P. Ackerman, 2001: The Composite Characteristics of Cirrus Clouds: Bulk Properties Revealed by One Year of Continuous Cloud Radar Data. J. Climate, 14, 2185-2203.
Mace, G. G. and K. Sassen, 2000: A constrained algorithm for retrieval of stratocumulus cloud properties using solar radiation, microwave radiometer, and millimeter cloud radar data. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 29099.
Mace, G. G., D. O. C. Starr, T. P. Ackerman, and P. Minnis, 1995: Examination of coupling between an upper-tropospheric cloud system and synoptic-scale dynamics diagnosed from wind profiler and radiosonde data. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 4094-4127.
Macelwane, J. B., 1946: Storms and the origins of microseisms. Ann. Geophys., 2, 281ñ2-89.
MacGorman, D. R. and D. W. Burgess, 1994: Positive cloud-to-ground lightning in tornadic storms and hailstorms. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 1671-1697.
MacGorman, D. R., M. W. Maier, and W. D. Rust, 1984: Lightning strike density for the contiguous United States from thunderstorm duration records. NUREG/CR-3759. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington DC, 44.
MacGorman, D. R. and K. E. Nielsen, 1991: Cloud-to-ground lightning in a tornadic storm on 8 May 1986. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 1557-1574.
MacGorman, D. R., J. M. Straka, and C. L. Ziegler, 2001: A Lightning Parameterization for Numerical Cloud Models. J. App. Meteor., 40, 459.
MacGorman, D. R. and W. L. Taylor, 1989: Positive cloud-to-ground lightning detection by a direction finder. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13313-13318.
Mach, D. M., D. R. MacGorman, W. D. Rust, and R. T. Arnold, 1986: Site errors and detection efficiency in a magnetic direction-finder network for locating lightning strikes to ground. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 3, 67-74.
Machado, L. A. T., M. Desbois, and C.-P. Duvel, 1992: Structural characteristics of deep convective systems over tropical Africa and the Atlantic Ocean. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 392-406.
Machado, L. A. T. and W. B. Rossow, 1993: Structure, characteristics, and radiative properties of tropical cloud clusters. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 3-234.
Machado, L. A. T., W. B. Rossow, R. L. Guedes, and A. W. Walker, 1998: Life Cycle Variations of Mesoscale Convective Systems over the Americas. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 1630-1654.
MacHattie, L. B., 1968: Kananaskis Valley winds in summer. J. Appl. Meteor., 7, 348-352.
Machenhauer, B., 1977: On the dynamics of gravity oscillations in a shallow water model with applications to normal mode initialization. Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 50, 253-271.
Machenhauer, B., 1977: On the dynamics of gravity oscillations in a shallow water model with application to normal mode initialization. Beitr. Phys. Atmos., 50, 253-271.
Machenhauer, B., 1979: The spectral method. Numerical Methods Used in Atmospheric Models, GARP Publication Series, World Meteor. Org.
Machenhauer, B., 1979: The spectral method. Numerical Methods Used in Atmospheric Models. GARP Publication Series, Vol. 17, World Meteor. Org.
Machenhauer, B., 1988: HIRLAM final report. HIRLAM Tech. Rep. 5, 116.
Machenhauer, B. and R. Daley, 1972: A baroclinic primitive equation model with spectral representation in three dimensions. Rep. No. 4. Institut for Teoretisk Meteorologi, Kobenhavns Universitet, Denmark.
Machenhauer, B. and J. E. Haugen, 1987: Test of a spectral limited area shallow water model with time dependent lateral boundary conditions and combined normal mode/ semi-Lagrangian time integration schemes. Workshop Proc. on Techniques for Horizontal Discretization in Numerical Prediction Models, Reading, England European Centre for Medium-Range Forecasts.
Machenhauer, B. and E. Rasmussen, 1972: On the integration of the spectral hydrodynamical equations by a transform method. Rep. No. 3. Institut for Teoretisk Meteorologi, Kobenhavns Universitet, Denmark.
Machiels, L., J. Peraire, and A. T. Patera, 2001: A Posteriori Finite-Element Output Bounds for the Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations: Application to a Natural Convection Problem. J. Comput. Phy., 172, 401-425.
Machu, G., W. Meile, L. C. Nitsche, and U. Schaflinger, 2001: Coalescence, torus formation and breakup of sedimenting drops: experiments and computer simulations. J. Fluid Mech., 447, 299-336.
MacIntyre, F., 1971: Enhancement of gas transfer by interfacial rip-ples. Phys. Fluids, 14, 1596-1604.
Mack, S. A., 1989: Towedchain measurements of ocean microstructure. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 19, 1108-1129.
Mack, S. A. and H. C. Schoeberlein, 1993: Discriminating salt fingering from turbulence-induced microstructure: Analysis of towed temperature-conductivity chain data. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 2073-2105.
Mackas, D. L. and H. A. Sefton, 1982: Plankton species assemblages off southern Vancouver Island: Geographic pattern and temporal variability. J. Mar. Res., 40, 1173-1200.
MacKay, M. D., 1998: A Pseudoenergy Conservation Law for the Two-Dimensional Primitive Equations. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2261-2269.
MacKay, R. M. and M. A. K. Khalil, 1991: Theory and development of a one dimensional time dependent radiative convective climate model. Chemosphere, 22, 383-417.
Macke, A., 1993: Scattering of light by polyhedral ice crystals. Appl. Opt., 32, 2780-2788.
Macke, A., 1994: Scattering of light by irregular ice crystals in three-dimensional inhomogeneous cirrus clouds. Eighth Conf. on Atmospheric Radiation. Nashville, TN, Amer. Meteor. Soc.
Macke, A., P. N. Francis, G. M. McFarquhar, and S. Kinne, 1998: The Role of Ice Particle Shapes and Size Distributions in the Single Scattering Properties of Cirrus Clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2874-2883.
MacKenzie, B. R. and W. C. Leggett, 1991: Quantifying the contribution of small-scale turbulence to the encounter rates between larval fish and their zoolplankton prey: Effects of wind and tide. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 73, 149-160.
Mackey, B. P. and T. N. Krishnamurti, 2001: Ensemble Forecast of a Typhoon Flood Event. Wea. Forecasting, 16, 399-415.
Macklin, S. A., N. A. Bond, and J. P. Walker, 1990: Structure of a low-level jet over lower Cook Inlet. Alaska, Mon. Wea. Rev., 118.
Macklin, W. C., 1963: Heat transfer from hailstones. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 89, 360-369.
Macklin, W. C., E. Strauch, and F. H. Ludlam, 1960: The density of hailstones collected from a summer storm. Nubila. 3, 12-17.
MacManus, D. G. and J. A. Eaton, 2000: Flow physics of discrete boundary layer suction -- measurements and predictions. J. Fluid Mech., 47.
Macpherson, B., 1991: Dynamic initialization by repeated insertion of data. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 117, 965-991.
Macpherson, B., B. J. Wright, and A. J. Maycock, 1993: Performance of the data assimilation scheme in the operational trial of the new mesoscale model. U.K. Meteorological Office Forecasting Research Division Tech. Rep. 39, 42.
MacPherson, J. I. and G. A. Isaac, 1977: Turbulent characteristics of some Canadian cumulus clouds. J. Appl. Meteor., 16, 81-90.
Macrossan, M. N., 2001: nu-DSMC: A Fast Simulation Method for Rarefied Flow. J. Comput. Phy., 173, 600-619.
MacVean, M. K., 1993: A numerical investigation of the criterion for cloud-top entrainment instability. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2481-2495.
MacVean, M. K. and P. J. Mason, 1990: Cloud-top entrainment instability through small-scale mixing and its parameterization in numerical models. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 1012-1030.
MacVean, M. K. and J. Woods, 1980: Redistribution of scalars during upper-ocean frontogenesis: A numerical model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 106, 293-311.
Madala, R. V., 1978: Efficient time integration scheme for atmosphere and ocean models. Finite-Difference Techniques for Vectorized Fluid Dynamics, Book, D. L., Ed., Springer-Verlag, 56-70.
Madala, R. V., 1978: Efficient time integration scheme for atmosphere and ocean models. Finite-Difference Techniques for Vectorized Fluid Dynamics. D. L. Book, Ed., Springer-Verlag.
Madala, R. V., S. W. Chang, U. C. Mohanty, S. C. Madan, R. K. Paliwal, V. B. Sarin, T. Holt, and S. Raman, 1987: Description of Naval Research Laboratory limited area dynamical weather prediction model. NRL Tech. Rep. 5992, 131.
Madden, R. A., 1976: Estimates of natural variability of time-averaged sea-level pressure. Mon. Wea. Rev., 104, 942-952.
Madden, R. A., 1977: Estimates of the autocorrelations and spectra of seasonal mean temperatures over North America. Mon. Wea. Rev., 105, 9-18.
Madden, R. A., 1978: Further evidence of traveling planetary waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 1605-1618.
Madden, R. A., 1979: Observations of large-scale traveling Rossby waves. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 17, 1935-1949.
Madden, R. A., 1981: A quantitative approach to long-range prediction. J. Geophys. Res., 86, 9817-9825.
Madden, R. A., 1986: Seasonal variation of the 40-50 day oscillation in the Tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 3138-3158.
Madden, R. A. and and, 1972: Further evidence of global-scale 5-day pressure waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1464-1469.
Madden, R. A. and and, 1994: Observations of the 40-50-day tropical oscillation -A review. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 814-837.
Madden, R. A. and R. H. Jones, 2001: A Quantitative Estimate of the Effect of Aliasing in Climatological Time Series. J. Clim., 14, 3987-3993.
Madden, R. A. and P. R. Julian, 1971: Detection of a 40-50 day oscillation in the zonal wind in the tropical Pacific. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 702-708.
Madden, R. A. and P. R. Julian, 1972: Description of global-scale circulation cells in the tropics with a 40-50 day period. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1109-1123.
Madden, R. A., H. Lejenäs, and J. Hack, 1998: Semidiurnal Variations in the Budget of Angular Momentum in a General Circulation Model and in the Real Atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2561-2575.
Madden, R. A. and G. A. Meehl, 1993: Bias in the global mean temperature estimated from sampling a greenhouse warming pattern with the current surface observing network. J. Climate, 6, 2486-2489.
Madden, R. A. and V. Ramanathan, 1980: Detecting climate change due to increasing carbon dioxide. Science, 209, 763-768.
Madden, R. A. and D. J. Shea, 1978: Estimates of the natural variability of time-averaged temperatures over the United States. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 1695-1703.
Madden, R. A., D. J. Shea, G. W. Branstator, J. J. Tribbia, and R. O. Weber, 1993: The effect of imperfect spatial and temporal sampling on estimates of the global mean temperature: Experiments with model data. J. Climate, 6, 1057-1066.
Madden, R. A. and J. Williams, 1978: The correlation between temperature and precipitation in the United States and Europe. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 142-147.
Maddox, R. A., 1976: An evaluation of tornado proximity wind and stability data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 133-142.
Maddox, R. A., 1980: A satellite-based study of midlatitude mesoscale convective complexes. Preprints, Eighth Conference on Weather Forecasting and Analysis, Denver, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., Boston, 329-338.
Maddox, R. A., 1980: Mesoscale convective complexes. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 61, 1374-1387.
Maddox, R. A., 1980: An objective technique for separating macroscale and mesoscale features in meteorological data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 1108-1121.
Maddox, R. A., 1981: The structure and life cycle of midlatitude mesoscale convective complexes. Colorado State University. Atmos. Sci. Paper No. 36.
Maddox, R. A., 1983: Large-scale meteorological conditions associated with midlatitude mesoscale convective complexes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 1475-1493.
Maddox, R. A., C. F. Chappell, and L. R. Hoxit, 1979: Synoptic and meso-alpha scale aspects of flash flood events. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 6, 115-123.
Maddox, R. A., K. W. Howard, D. L. Bartels, and D. M. Rodgers, 1986: Mesoscale convective complexes in the middle latitudes. Mesoscale Meteorology and Forecasting, Ray, P., Ed., Amer. Meteor. Soc., 390-413.
Maddox, R. A., L. R. Hoxit, and C. F. Chappell, 1980: A study of tornadic thunderstorm interactions with thermal boundaries. Mon. Wea Rev.. 108, 322-336.
Maddox, R. A., L. R. Hoxit, C. F. Chappell, and F. Caracena, 1978: comparison of meteorological aspects of the Big Thompson and Rapid City flash floods. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 375-389.
Maddox, R. A., D. J. Perkey, and J. M. Fritsch, 1981: Evolution of upper tropospheric features during the development of a mesoscale convective complex. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1664-1674.
Maddox, R. A., D. M. Rodgers, and K. M. Howard, 1982: Mesoscale convective complexes over the United States in 1981: Annual summary. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 1501-1514.
Maddox, R. A., D. M. Rodgers, and K. W. Howard, 1982: Mesoscale convective complexes over the United States during 1981-An annual summary. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 1501-1514.
Maddox, R. A. and C. A. D. I. S, 1982: An examination of jetstream configuration, 500 mb vorticity advection and low-level thermal advection patterns during extended periods of intense convection. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 184-197.
Maddox, R. A., J. Zhang, J. J. Gourley, and K. W. Howard, 2002: Weather Radar Coverage over the Contiguous United States. Wea. Forecasting, 17, 927-934.
Maddukuri, C. S., 1982: A numerical simulation of an observed lake breeze over southern Lake Ontario. Boun. Layer Meteor., 23, 369-387.
Madec, C., M. Chartier, P. Delecluse, and M. Crepon, 1991: A three-dimensional numerical study of deep water formation in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 1349-1371.
Madec, G., M. Chartier, and M. Cre´pon, 1991: Effect of thermohaline forcing variability on deep water formation in the Western Med-iterranean Sea: A high resolution three dimensional numerical study. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 15, 301-332.
Madec, G., M. Chartier, P. Delecluse, and M. Cre´pon, 1991: A three-dimensional numerical study of deep-water formation in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 134-91371.
Madec, G., M. Chartier, P. Delecluse, and M. Cre´pon, 1991: Numerical study of deep water formation in the northwestern Mediterranean sea. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 1349-1371.
Madec, G. and M. Crepon, 1991: Thermohaline-driven deep water formation in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Deep Convection and Deep Water Formation in the Oceans. Elsevier Science, 241-265.
Mader, G. N., 1979: Numerical study of storms in the Transvaal. South African Geogr. J., 61, 85-98.
Madison, W. and and, 1991: Antarctic automatic weather station data for the calender year 1990. Department of Meteorology, University.
Madronich, S., 1987: Photodissociation in the atmosphere. 1. Actinic flux and the effects of ground reflections and clouds. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 9740-9752.
Madronich, S., 1992: Implications of recent total atmospheric ozone measurements for biologically active ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth's surface. Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 37-40.
Madronich, S., R. L. McKenzie, M. M. Caldwell, and L. O. Bjorn, 1995: Changes in ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth's surface. Ambio, 24, 143-152.
Madsen, P. A., H. B. Bingham, and H. Liu, 2002: A new Boussinesq method for fully nonlinear waves from shallow to deep water. J. Fluid Mech., 462, 1-30.
Maeda, Y., K. Aoki, and M. Munemori, 1980: Chemiluminescent method for the determination of nitrogen dioxide. Anal. Chem., 52, 307-311.
Maeder, T., N. A. Adams, and L. Kleiser, 2001: Direct simulation of turbulent supersonic boundary layers by an extended temporal approach. J. Fluid Mech., 187.
Maeier-Reimer, E. and U. Mikolajewicz, 1989: Experiments with an OGCM on the cause of the Younger Dryas. Oceanography. UNAM Press, 87-100.
Maejima, I., M. Nogami, S. Oka, and Y. Tagami, 1983: Historical weather records at Hirosaki, northern Japan, from 1661 to 1868. Geogr. Rep. Tokyo Metropol. Univ., 18, 113-152.
Maenhaut, W., I. Salma, H. J. Annegarn, and M. O. Andreae, 1996: Regional atmospheric composition and sources in the eastern Transvaal, South Africa and the impact of biomass burning. J. Geophys. Res., in press.
Maes, C., G. Madec, and P. Delecluse, 1997: Sensitivity of an Equatorial Pacific OGCM to the Lateral Diffusion. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 958-971.
Magaard, L., 1973: On the generation of internal gravity waves by a fluctuating buoyancy flux at the sea surface. Geophys. Fluid Dyn., 5, 101-111.
Magan˜ a, V., 1993: The 40and 50-day oscillations in atmospheric angular momentum at various latitudes. J. Geophys. Res., 98(D6), 10441-10450.
Magan˜ a, V. and M. Yanai, 1991: Tropical-midlatitude interaction on the time scale of 30 to 60 days during the northern summer of 1979. J. Climate, 4, 180-201.
Magano, C. and C. Lee, 1966: Meteorological classification of natural snow crystals. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ., Ser. 7, 2.
Magnell, B., 1976: Salt fingers observed in the Mediterranean out-flow region (347N, 117W) using a towed sensor. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 6, 511-523.
Magnus, G., 1844: Versuche uber die Spannkrafte des Wasserdamp-fes. Ann. Phys. Chem., 61, 2-25.
Magnusdottir, G., 2001: The Modeled Response of the Mean Winter Circulation to Zonally Averaged SST Trends. J. Clim., 14, 4166-4190.
Magnusdottir, G. and P. H. Haynes, 1999: Reflection of Planetary Waves in Three-Dimensional Tropospheric Flows. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 652-670.
Magnusdottir, G. and W. H. Schubert, 1991: Semigeostrophic theory on the hemisphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1449-1456.
Magnusdottir, G. and C. C. Walker, 2000: On the effects of the Hadley circulation and westerly equatorial flow on planetary-wave reflection. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 2725.
Magono, C. and C. Lee, 1966: Meteorological classification of natural snow crystals. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ., Ser. VII, 2.
Magons, C., C. Nakamura, and Y. Yoshida, 1982: Nocturnal cooling of the Moshiri Basin Hokkaido in midwinter. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan., 60, 1106-1116.
Magsig, M. A. and J. T. Snow, 1998: Long-Distance Debris Transport by Tornadic Thunderstorms.Part I: The 7 May 1995 Supercell Thunderstorm. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 1430-1449.
Mahadevan, A., J. Oliger, and R. Street, 1996: A nonhydrostatic mesoscale ocean model. Part I: Wellposedness and scaling. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 1868-1880.
Mahadevan, L., M. AddaBedia, and Y. Pomeau, 2002: Four-phase merging in sessile compound drops. J. Fluid Mech., 451, 411-420.
Mahaffy, F. J., 1961: The ice storm of 25-26 February 1961 at Montreal. Weatherwise, 14, 241-244.
Mahapatra, P. R., R. J. Doviak, and D. S. Zrnic¥, 1991: Multisensor observation of an atmospheric undular bore. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 72, 1468-1480.
Mahapatra, P. R. and D. S. Zrnic, 1983: Practical algorithms for mean velocity estimation in pulse Doppler weather radars using a small number of samples. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., GE-21, 491-501.
Mahesh, A., V. P. Walden, and S. G. Warren, 2001: Ground-Based Infrared Remote Sensing of Cloud Properties over the Antarctic Plateau. Part I: Cloud-Base Heights. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 1265-1278.
Mahesh, A., V. P. Walden, and S. G. Warren, 2001: Ground-Based Infrared Remote Sensing of Cloud Properties over the Antarctic Plateau. Part II: Cloud Optical Depths and Particle Sizes. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 1279-1294.
Mahfouf, J. F., 1990: A numerical simulation of the surface moisture budget during HAPexMOBILHY. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 53, 201-222.
Mahfouf, J. F., 1991: Analysis of soil moisture from nearsurface parameters: A feasibility study. J. Appl. Meteor., 30, 1534-1547.
Mahfouf, J. F., A. O. Manzi, J. Noilhan, H. Giordani, and M. De¥que¥, 1995: The land surface scheme ISBA within the Me¥te¥o-France climate model ARPEGE. Part I: Implementation and preliminary results. J. Climate, 8, 2039-2057.
Mahfouf, J. F. and J. Noilhan, 1991: Comparative study of various formulations of evaporation from bare soil using in situ data. J. Appl. Meteor., 30, 1354-1365.
Mahfouf, J. F., E. Richard, and P. Mascart, 1987: The influence of soil and vegetation on the development of mesoscale circulations. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 26, 1483-1495.
Mahfouf, J. F., E. Richard, P. Mascart, E. C. Nickerson, and R. Rosset, 1987: A comparative study of various parameterizations of the planetary boundary layer in a numerical mesoscale model. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 26, 1671-1695.
Mahfouf, J.-F., J. Noilhan, and P. Peris, 1984: Simulations du bilan hydrique avec ISBA, application au cycle annuel dans le cadre de PILPS. Atelier de Mondelisation de l'atmosphere, Toulouse, France.
Mahfouf, J.-F. and F. Rabier, 2000: The ECMWF operational implementation of four-dimensional variational assimilation. II: Experimental results with improved physics. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 1171-1190.
Mahoney, D. J., 1995: On wave interactions. I: Explosive resonant triads. Stud. Appl. Math., 95, 381-417.
Mahoney III, W. P., 1988: Gust fron characteristics and the kinematics associated with interactiong thunderstorm outflows. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 1474-1491.
Mahoney, J. L., J. M. Brown, and E. I. Tollerud, 1995: Contrasting meteorological conditions associated with winter storms at Denver and Colorado Springs. Wea. Forecasting, 10, 245-260.
Mahoney, W. P., 1988: Gust front characteristics and the kinematics associated with interacting thunderstorm outflows. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 1474-1491.
Mahoney, W. P. and A. R. Rodi, 1987: Aircraft measurements on microburst development from hydrometeor evaporation. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 3037-3051.
Mahony, J. J., 1972: Error estimates for asymptotic representations of integrals. J. Aust. Math. Soc., 13, 395-410.
Mahrer, Y., 1984: An improved numerical approximation of the horizontal gradients in a terrain-following coordinate system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 918-922.
Mahrer, Y. and S. Assouline, 1993: Evaporation from Lake Kinneret. Part B: Estimation of the horizontal variability using a two-dimensional numerical mesoscale model. Water Resour. Res., 29, 911-916.
Mahrer, Y. and R. A. Pielke, 1975: A numerical study of the air flow over mountains using the two-dimensional version of the University of Virginia mesoscale model. J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 2144-2155.
Mahrer, Y. and R. A. Pielke, 1976: Numerical simulation of the air flow over Barbados. Mon. Wea. Rev., 104, 1392-1402.
Mahrer, Y. and R. A. Pielke, 1977: A numerical study of the airflow over irregular terrain. Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 50, 98-113.
Mahrer, Y. and R. A. Pielke, 1977: The effects of topography on the sea and land breezes in a two-dimensional numerical model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 105, 1151-1162.
Mahrer, Y. and R. A. Pielke, 1978: A test of an upstream spline interpolation technique for the advective terms in a numerical mesoscale model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 818-830.
Mahrer, Y. and R. A. Pielke, 1978: The meteorological effect of the changes in surface albedo and moisture. Isr. Meteor. Res., Pap. 2, 55-70.
Mahrt, L., 1979: Penetrative convection at the top of a growing boundary layer. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 105, 969-985.
Mahrt, L., 1986: On the shallow motion approximation. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1036-1044.
Mahrt, L., 1991: Boundary-layer moisture regimes. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 117, 151-176.
Mahrt, L., J. C. Andre, and R. C. Heald, 1982: On the depth of the nocturnal boundary layer. J. Appl. Meteor., 21, 96-98.
Mahrt, L., C. Berthou, P. Marquet, and J. C. Andre, 1986: Time-averaging the flux profile relationship. Ann. Geophys., 4, 411-416.
Mahrt, L. and M. Ek, 1993: Spatial variability of turbulent fluxes and roughness lengths in HAPexMOBILHY. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 65, 381-400.
Mahrt, L. and N. Gamage, 1987: Observations of turbulence in stratified flow. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 1106-1121.
Mahrt, L. and W. Gibson, 1992: Flux decomposition into coherent structures. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 60, 143-168.
Mahrt, L., R. C. Heald, D. H. Lenschow, B. Stankov, and I. Troen, 1979: An observational study of nocturnal boundary layer. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 17, 247-264.
Mahrt, L., J. L. McPherson, and R. Desjardins, 1994: Observations of fluxes over heterogeneous surfaces. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 67, 345-367.
Mahrt, L., E. Moore, and N. O. Jensen, 2001: Dependence of Turbulent and Mesoscale Velocity Variance on Scale and Stability. J. App. Meteor., 40, 628.
Mahrt, L., E. Moore, D. Vickers, and N. O. Jensen, 2001: Dependence of Turbulent and Mesoscale Velocity Variances on Scale and Stability. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 628-641.
Mahrt, L. and H.-L. Pan, 1984: A two-layer model of soil hydrology. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 31, 1792-1806.
Mahrt, L. and J. Paumier, 1984: Heat transport in the atmospheric boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 3061-3075.
Mahrt, L. and J. Sun, 1995: Dependence of surface exchange coefficients on averaging scale and grid size. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 121, 1835-1852.
Mahrt, L., J. Sun, D. Vickers, I. J. MacPherson, J. R. Pederson, and R. L. Desjardins, 1994: Observations of fluxes and inland breezes over heterogenous surfaces. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2484-2499.
Mahrt, L. and D. Vickers, 2002: Contrasting vertical structures of nocturnal boundary layers. Bound. Layer Meteor., 105, 351 - 363.
Mahrt, L., D. Vickers, J. Edson, J. M. Wilczak, J. Hare, and J. Hojstrup, 2001: Vertical Structure of Turbulence in Offshore Flow during RASEX. Bound. Layer Meteor., 100, 47-61.
Mahrt, L., D. Vickers, and H. Fernando, 2001: Determination of the Surface Drag Coefficient. Bound. Lay. Meteor., 99, 249.
Mahrt, L., D. Vickers, J. Howell, J. Edson, J. Hare, J. Ho?jstrup, and J. Wilczak, 1996: Sea surface drag coefficients in RASEX. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 14327-14335.
Mahrt, L., D. Vickers, R. Nakamura, M. R. Soler, J. Sun, S. Burns, and D. H. Lenschow, 2001: Shallow Drainage Flows. Bound. Layer Meteor., 101, 243-260.
Mahrt, L. J., 1974: Time-dependent integrated planetary boundary layer flow. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 457-464.
Mahrt, L. J., 1976: Mixed layer moisture structure. Mon. Wea. Rev., 104, 1403-1407.
Mahrt, L. J., 1981: Modeling the depth of the stable boundary-layer. Bound. Layer Meteor., 21, 3-19.
Mahrt, L. J., 1981: The early evening boundary layer transition. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 107, 329-343.
Mahrt, L. J., 1982: Momentum balance of gravity flows. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 2701-2711.
Mahrt, L. J., 1983: Atmospheric boundary layers. Rev. Geophys. Space Phy.
Mahrt, L. J., 1987: Grid-averaged surface fluxes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1550-1560.
Mahrt, L. J. and R. C. Heald, 1981: Nocturnal surface temperatures over undulating terrain. Prepr. Vol. 15th Conf. on Agriculture and Forest Meteorology and 5th AMS Coni on Biometeorology, April 1-3, 1981, Anaheim, California., Amer. Meteor. Soc., 197-199.
Mahrt, L. J. and S. Larsen, 1982: Small scale drainage flow. Tellus, 34, 579-587.
Maier, L. M., C. Lennon, T. Britt, and S. Schaefer, 1995: Lightning Detection and Ranging (LDAR) system performance analysis. Preprints, Sixth Conf. on Aviation Weather Systems, Dallas TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 305-309.
Maier, M. W., L. M. Maier, and C. Lennon, 1995: Lightning detection and location systems for spacelift operations. Preprints, Sixth Conf. on Aviation Weather Systems, Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 292-297.
Maier-Reimer, E., U. Mikolajewicz, and K. Hasselmann, 1993: Mean circulation of the Hamburg LSG model and its sensitivity to the thermohaline surface forcing. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 731-757.
Mailhot, J. and R. Benoit, 1982: A finite element model of the atmospheric boundary layer suitable for use with numerical weather prediction models. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 2249-2266.
Mailhot, J. and C. Chouinard, 1989: Numerical forecasts of explosive winter storms: Sensitivity experiments with a meso-a scale model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1311-1343.
Mailhot, J., C. Chouinard, R. Benoit, M. Roch, G. Verner, J. Coàte¥, and J. Pudykiewicz, 1989: Numerical forecasting of winter coastal storms during CASP: Evaluation of the regional finite-element model. Atmos.-Ocean, 27, 24-58.
Mailhot, J. and Coauthors, 1995: Changes to the Canadian Regional forecast System: Description and evaluation of the 50-km version. Atmos.-Ocean, 33, 55-80.
Maillard, C., 1986: Atlas Hydrologique de l'Atlantique Nord-Est. Publications IFREMER. 133 plates.
Maini, P., A. Kumar, S. V. Singh, and L. S. Rathore, 2002: Statistical interpretation of NWP products in India. Meteor. App., 9, 21-32.
Mainland, G. B., 2001: Logarithmic Singularities in Two-Body, Bound-State Integral Equations. J. Compu. Phy., 174, 852-869.
Mairson, A., 1994: The great flood of '93. Natl. Geogr., 185, 42-81.
Majda, A. J., R. R. Rosales, E. G. Tabak, and C. V. Turner, 1999: Interaction of Large-Scale Equatorial Waves and Dispersion of Kelvin Waves through Topographic Resonances. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 4118-4133.
Majewski, D., D. Liermann, P. Prohl, B. Ritter, M. Bucchold, T. Hanisch, G. Paul, W. Wergen, and J. Baumgardner, 2002: The Operational Global Icosahedral-Hexagonal Gridpoint Model GME: Description and High-Resolution Tests. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 319-338.
Majorana, A. and R. M. Pidatella, 2001: A Finite Difference Scheme Solving the Boltzmann-Poisson System for Semiconductor Devices. J. Compu. Phy., 174, 649-668.
Majumdar, S. J., C. H. Bishop, B. J. Etherton, I. Szunyogh, and Z. Toth, 2001: Can an ensemble transform Kalman filter predict the reduction in forecast-error variance produced by targeted observations? Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 2803-2820.
Majumdar, S. J., C. H. Bishop, B. J. Etherton, and Z. Toth, 2002: Adaptive Sampling with the Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter. Part II: Field Program Implementation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 1356-1369.
Mak, M., 1981: An inquiry on the nature of CISK. Part I. Tellus, 33, 531-537.
Mak, M., 1991: Dynamics of an atmospheric blocking as deduced from its local energetics. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 117, 477-493.
Mak, M., 1998: Influence of Surface Sensible Heat Flux on Incipient Marine Cyclogenesis. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 820-834.
Mak, M., 1999: Implication of a Theorem for a Class of Quasigeostrophic Flows. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1424-1426.
Mak, M., 2000: Does an Unstable Baroclinic Wave Equilibrate/Decay Baroclinically or Barotropically? J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 453-463.
Mak, M. and M. Cai, 1989: Local barotropic instability. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3289-3311.
Mak, M. K., 1969: Laterally driven stochastic motions in the tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 26, 41-64.
Maki, M., T. Harimaya, and K. Kikuchi, 1986: Heat budget studies on nocturnal cooling in a basin. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 64, 727-740.
Maki, M., T. D. Keenan, Y. Sasaki, and K. Nakamura, 2001: Characteristics of the Raindrop Size Distribution in Tropical Continental Squall Lines Observed in Darwin, Australia. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 1393-1412.
Makin, V. K., 1979: The wind field above waves. Oceanology, 19, 127-130.
Makin, V. K., V. N. Kudryavstev, and C. Mastenbroek, 1995: Drag of the sea surface. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 73, 159-182.
Makin, V. K. and V. N. Kudryavtsev, 2002: Impact of Dominant Waves on Sea Drag. Bound. Layer Meteor., 103, 83-99.
Makjanic, B., 1978: Bora, sirocco and etesian winds (in Croatian). Prilozi Poznavanju Klime i Vremena SFRJ, 5, 1-56.
Makkonen, L., P. Lehtonen, and L. Helle, 2001: Anemometry in Icing Conditions. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 18, 1457-1469.
Malaka, I. and S. N. n. ò. ez, 1980: Aspectos sino ¥ pticos de la sequi¥a que afecto ¥ a la Repu¥ blica Argentia en el anò o 1962. Geoacta, 10, 1-21.
Malanotte-Rizzoli, P. and and, 1988: Data constraints applied to models of the ocean general circulation. Part II: The transients, eddy resolving case. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 18, 1093-1107.
Malanotte-Rizzoli, P. and A. Bergamasco, 1983: The dynamics of the coastal region of the northern Adriatic Sea. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 1105-1130.
Malanotte-Rizzoli, P. and A. Bergamasco, 1991: The wind and thermally driven circulation of the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Part II: The baroclinic case. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 15, 355-420.
Malanotte-Rizzoli, P., D. B. Haidvogel, and R. E. Young, 1987: numerical simulation of transient boundaryforced radiation. Part I: The linear regime. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 1439-1457.
Malanotte-Rizzoli, P. and W. R. Holland, 1986: Data constraints applied to models of the ocean general circulation. Part I: The steady case. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 16, 1665-1687.
Malanotte-Rizzoli, P. and R. E. Young, 1992: How useful are localized clusters of traditional oceanographic measurement for data assimilation? Dyn. Atmos. Oceans., 17, 23-61.
Malardel, S., A. J. Thorpe, and A. Joly, 1997: Consequences of the Geostrophic Momentum Approximation on Barotropic Instability. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 103-112.
Malaret, E., L. A. Bartolucci, D. F. Lozano, P. E. Anuta, and C. D. McGillen, 1985: Thematic mapper data quality analysis. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens., 51(9), 1407-1416.
Malberg, H., 1973: Comparison of mean cloud cover obtained by satellite photographs and ground based observations over Europe and the Atlantic. Mon. Wea. Rev., 101, 893-897.
Male, D. H. and R. J. Granger, 1981: Snow surface energy exchange. Water Resour. Res., 17, 609-627.
Malguzzi, P., 1993: An analytic study on the feedback between largeand small-scale eddies. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1429-1436.
Malguzzi, P., A. Speranza, A. Sutera, and R. Caballero, 1997: Nonlinear Amplification of Stationary Rossby Waves near Resonance. Part II. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 2441-2451.
Malguzzi, P., A. Trevisan, and A. Speranza, 1987: Effects of finite height topography on nongeostrophic baroclinic instability: Implications to theories of lee cyclogenesis. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 1475-1482.
Malinowski, S. P. and I. Zawadzki, 1993: On the surface of clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 5-13.
Malionwski, S. P., M. Y. Leclerc, and C. G. Baumgardner, 1994: Fractal analysis of high-resolution cloud droplet measurements. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 397-413.
Malkmus, W., 1967: Random Lorentz band model with exponential tailed S0 1 line-intensity distribution function. J. Opt. Soc. Amer., 57, 323-329.
Malkus, J. and G. Witt, 1959: The evolution of a convective element: A numerical calculation. The Atmosphere and the Sea in Motion. Rockefeller Institute Press, 425-439.
Malkus, J. S., 1949: Effects of wind shear on some aspects of convection. Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 30, 19-25.
Malkus, J. S., 1954: Some results of a tradecumulus investigation. J. Meteor., 11, 220-237.
Malkus, J. S., 1955: On the formation and structure of downdrafts in cumulus clouds. J. Meteor., 12, 350-354.
Malkus, J. S., 1958: On the structure of the trade wind moist layer. Phys. Oceanogr. Meteor., 13, 2-47.
Malkus, J. S. and H. Riehl, 1960: On the dynamics and energy transformations in steady-state hurricanes. Tellus, 12, 1-20.
Malkus, J. S. and H. Riehl, 1964: Cloud structure and distributions over the tropical Pacific Ocean. Tellus, 16, 275-287.
Malkus, J. S., C. Ronne, and M. Chaffee, 1961: Cloud patterns in Hurricane Daisy, 1958. Tellus, 13, 8-30.
Malkus, J. S. and R. S. Scorer, 1955: The erosion of cumulus towers. J. Meteor., 12, 43-57.
Malkus, J. S. and M. E. Stern, 1953: The flow of a stable atmosphere over a heated island. Part I. J. Meteor., 10, 30-41.
Mallat, S., 1989: A theory for multiresolution signal decomposition: The wavelet representation. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 11, 674-693.
Mallat, Z., 1993: Matching pursuit with time-frequency dictionaries. IEEE Trans. Signal Process., 41, 3397-3415.
Malm, W. C., J. F. Sisler, D. Hoffman, R. A. Eldred, and T. A. Cahill, 1994: Spatial and seasonal trends in particle concentration and optical extinction in the United States. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1347-1370.
Maloney, E. D., 2002: An Intraseasonal Oscillation Composite Life Cycle in the NCAR CCM3.6 with Modified Convection. J. Climate, 15, 964-982.
Maloney, E. D. and J. T. Kiehl, 2002: MJO-Related SST Variations over the Tropical Eastern Pacific during Northern Hemisphere Summer. J. Climate, 15, 675-689.
Maltrud, M. E. and G. K. Vallis, 1991: Energy spectra and coherent structures in forced two-dimensional and beta-plane turbulence. J. Fluid. Mech., 228, 321-342.
Maltrud, M. E. and G. K. Vallis, 1993: Energy and enstrophy transfer in numerical simulations of two-dimensional turbulence. Phys. Fluids A, 5, 1760-1773.
Mal'tsev, N. E., K. D. Sabinin, and A. V. Furduev, 1990: Acoustical and oceanographic experiment at the lens of Mediterranean waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Sov. Phys. Acoust., 36(1), 46-50.
Malvagi, F., R. N. Byrne, G. C. Pomraning, and and, 1993: Stochastic radiative transfer predictions of functional cloud cover. Preprints, Fourth Symp. on Global Change Studies, Anaheim, CA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 149-151.
Malvagi, F., R. N. Byrne, G. C. Pomraning, and R. C. J. Somerville, 1993: Stochastic radiative transfer in a partially cloudy atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2146-2158.
Mamane, Y. and R. G. d. Pena, 1978: A quantitative method for the detection of individual submicrometer size sulfate particles. Atmos. Environ., 12, 69-82.
Manabe, S., 1956: On the contribution of heat released by condensation to the change in pressure pattern. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 34, 308-320.
Manabe, S., 1969: Climate and ocean circulation. Part 1: The atmospheric circulation and the hydrology of the earth's surface. Mon. Wea. Rev., 97, 739-774.
Manabe, S. and and, 1975: The effects of doubling the CO2-concentration on a general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 3-15.
Manabe, S. and and, 1985: The influence of continental ice sheets on the climate of an ice age. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 2167-2190.
Manabe, S. and A. J. Broccoli, 1985: A comparison of climate model sensitivity with data from the last glacial maximum. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 2643-2651.
Manabe, S., K. Bryan, and M. J. Spelman, 1975: A global ocean-atmosphere climate model. Part I: The atmospheric circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 5, 3-29.
Manabe, S., K. Bryan, and M. J. Spelman, 1990: Transient response of a global ocean-atmosphere model to a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 722-749.
Manabe, S. and D. G. Hahn, 1981: Simulation of atmospheric variability. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 2260-2286.
Manabe, S., D. G. Hahn, and J. L. HoHoway, 1979: Climate simulation with GFDL spectral models of the atmosphere: Effect of spectral truncation. GARP Publ., Ser. 22, 41-94.
Manabe, S., D. G. Hahn, and J. L. Holloway, 1974: The seasonal variation of the tropical circulation as simulated by a global model of the atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 43-83.
Manabe, S., J. Smagorinsky, J. L. Holloway, and H. M. Stone, 1970: Simulated climatology of a general circulation model with a hydrologic cycle. Part III: Effects of increased horizontal computational resolution. Mon. Wea. Rev., 98, 175-212.
Manabe, S., J. Smagorinsky, and R. F. Strickler, 1965: Simulated climatology of a general circulation model with a hydrologic cycle. Mon. Wea. Rev., 93, 769-798.
Manabe, S., M. J. Spelman, and R. J. Stouffer, 1992: Transient response of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model to gradual changes of atmospheric CO2. Part II: Seasonal response. J. Climate, 5, 105-126.
Manabe, S., R. J. Stoffer, M. J. Spelman, and K. Bryan, 1991: Transient response of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model to gradual changes of atmospheric CO2. Part I: Annual mean response. J. Climate, 4, 785-818.
Manabe, S. and R. J. Stouffer, 1979: A CO2-climate sensitivity study with a mathematical model of the global climate. Nature, 282, 491-493.
Manabe, S. and R. J. Stouffer, 1980: Sensitivity of a global climate model to an increase of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 85(C10), 5529-5554.
Manabe, S. and R. J. Stouffer, 1988: Two stable equilibria of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. J. Climate, 1, 841-866.
Manabe, S. and R. J. Stouffer, 1993: Century-scale effects of increased atmospheric CO2 on the ocean-atmosphere system. Nature, 364, 215-218.
Manabe, S. and R. J. Stouffer, 1994: Multiple-century response of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model to an increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide. J. Climate, 7, 5-23.
Manabe, S. and R. J. Stouffer, 1996: Low-frequency variability of surface air temperature in a 1000-year integration of a coupled atmosphere-oceanland surface model. J. Climate, 9, 376-393.
Manabe, S. and R. Strickler, 1964: Thermal equilibrium of the atmosphere with a convective adjustment. J. Atmos. Sci, 21, 361-385.
Manabe, S. and R. F. Strickler, 1964: On the thermal equilibrium of the atmosphere with a convective adjustment. J. Atmos. Sci., 21, 361-385.
Manabe, S. and T. B. Terpstra, 1974: The effects of mountains on the general circulation of the atmosphere as identified by numerical experiments. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 3-42.
Manabe, S. and R. T. Wetherald, 1967: Thermal equilibrium of the atmosphere with a given distribution of relative humidity. J. Atmos. Sci., 24, 241-259.
Manabe, S. and R. T. Wetherald, 1980: On the distribution of climate change resulting from an increase in CO2 content of the atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 99-118.
Manakov, S. V., 1973: On the theory of two-dimensional stationary self-focusing of electromagnetic waves. Sov. Phys. JETP, 38, 248-253.
Manceau, R., M. Wang, and D. Laurence, 2001: Inhomogeneity and anisotropy effects on the redistribution term in Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes modelling. J. Fluid Mech., 438, 307-338.
Mancebo, F. J. and J. M. Vega, 2002: Faraday instability threshold in large-aspect-ratio containers. J. Fluid Mech., 467, 307-330.
Mand, G. S., 1994: MOPITT calibration peer review. MOPITT internal document, 3.24-3.30.
Mandel, J., 2002: An Iterative Substructuring Method for Coupled Fluid-Solid Acoustic Problems. J. Compu. Phy., 177, 95-116.
Mandel, L. and E. Wolf, 1966: Photon statistics and classical fields. Phys. Rev., 149, 1033-1037.
Mandelbrot, B. B. and and, 1991: The multifractal nature of turbulent energy dissipation. J. Fluid Mech., 224, 429-484.
Mandelbrot, B. B. and J. W. V. Ness, 1968: Fractional Brownian motions, fractional noises, and applications. SIAM Rev., 10, 422-437.
Manfroi, A. J. and W. R. Young, 1999: Slow Evolution of Zonal Jets on the Beta Plane. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 784-800.
Manghnani, V., S. Raman, and J. V. S. S. Raju, 2000: Marine Boundary-Layer Variability over the Indian Ocean during INDOEX (1998). Bound. Lay. Meteor., 97, 411.
Mangia, C., G. A. Degrazia, and U. Rizza, 2000: An Integral Formulation for the Dispersion Parameters in a Shear-Buoyancy-Driven Planetary Boundary Layer for Use in a Gaussian Model for Tall Stacks. J. App. Meteor., 39, 1913.
Mangum, L. J., H. P. Freitag, and M. J. McPhaden, 1994: TOGA-TAO array sampling schemes and sensor evaluations. Oceans '94 OSATES Proc. Parc de Penfield. Brest, France, 2.
Mangum, L. J. and S. P. Hayes, 1984: The vertical structure of the zonal pressure gradient in the eastern equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 89, 10441-10449.
Mangum, L. J., S. P. Hayes, and L. D. Stratton, 1992: Sampling requirements for the surface wind field over the tropical Pacific ocean. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 9, 668-679.
Manins, P. C., 1982: The daytime planetary boundary layer: A new interpretation of Wangara data. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 108, 689-705.
Manins, P. C. and and, 1979: Katabatic winds: A field case study. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 105, 1011-1025.
Manins, P. C. and B. L. Sawford, 1979: A model of katabatic winds. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 619-630.
Manins, P. C. and B. L. Sawford, 1979: Katabatic winds: A field case study. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 105, 1011-1025.
Manins, P. C. and B. L. Sawford, 1982: Mesoscale observations of upstream blocking. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 108, 427-434.
Manins, P. C. and J. S. Turner, 1978: The relation between the flux ratio and energy ratio in convectively mixed layers. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 104, 39-44.
Manley, G., 1938: Meteorological observations of the British East Greenland Expedition 1935-1936. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 64, 253-276.
Manley, G., 1974: Central England temperatures: Monthly means 1659 to 1973. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 100, 389-405.
Mann, C. R., 1969: Temperature and salinity characteristics of the Denmark Strait Overflow. Deep-Sea Res., 16(Suppl.), 421-432.
Mann, G. E., R. B. Wagenmaker, and P. J. Sousounis, 2002: The Influence of Multiple Lake Interactions upon Lake-Effect Storms. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 1510-1530.
Mann, G. W., P. S. Anderson, and S. D. Mobbs, 2000: Profile measurements of blowing snow at Halley, Antarctica. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 24491.
Mann, J., 1994: The spatial structure of neutral atmospheric surface layer turbulence. J. Fluid Mech., 273, 141-168.
Mann, M. E. and J. M. Lees, 1996: Robust estimation of background noise and signal detection in climatic time series. Clim. Change, in.
Mann, M. E. and J. Park, 1994: Global-scale modes of surface temperature variability on interannual to century timescales. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 25819-25833.
Manney, G. L., L. Froidevaux, J. W. Waters, L. S. Elson, E. F. Fishbein, R. W. Zurek, R. S. Harwood, and W. A. Lahoz, 1993: The evolution of ozone observed by UARS MLS in the 1992 late winter southern polar vortex. Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1279-1283.
Manney, G. L., C. R. Mechoso, L. S. Elson, and J. D. Farrarra, 1991: Planetary-scale waves in the Southern Hemisphere winter and early spring stratosphere: Stability analysis. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 2509-2523.
Manney, G. L., H. A. Michelsen, and A. E. Roche, 2000: Lamination and polar vortex development in fall from ATMOS long-lived trace gases observed during November 1994. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 29023.
Manney, G. L., A. O'Neill, and R. Swinbank, 1994: On the motion of air through the stratospheric polar vortex. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2973-2994.
Manney, G. L., Y. J. Orsolini, H. C. Pumphrey, and A. E. Roche, 1998: The 4-Day Wave and Transport of UARS Tracers in the Austral Polar Vortex. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 3456-3470.
Manney, G. L., R. W. Zurek, A. O'Neill, R. Swinbank, J. B. Kumer, J. L. Mergenthaler, and A. E. Roche, 1994: Stratospheric warmings during February and March 1993. Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 813-816.
Manning, J. P. and D. R. Watts, 1989: Temperature and velocity structure of the Gulf Stream northeast of Cape Hatteras: Modes of variability. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 4879-4890.
Mannouji, N., 1982: A numerical experiment on the mountain and valley winds. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan., 60, 1085-1105.
Manobianco, J., 1989: Explosive East Coast cyclogenesis over the west-central North Atlantic Ocean: A composite study derived from ECMWF operational analyses. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 2365-2405.
Manobianco, J., 1989: Explosive East Coast cyclogenesis: Numerical experimentation and model-based diagnostics. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 2384-2405.
Manobianco, J., S. E. Koch, V. M. Karyampudi, and A. J. Negri, 1994: The impact of assimilating satellitederived precipitation rates on numerical simulations of the ERICA IOP 4 cyclone. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 341-365.
Manobianco, J., L. W. Uccellini, K. F. Brill, and P. J. Kocin, 1991: Contrasting the impact of dynamic data assimilation on the numerical simulation of cyclogenesis during GALE IOP 10 and 1. Meteor. Atmos. Phy., 45, 41-63.
Manobianco, J., J. W. Zack, and G. E. Taylor, 1996: Workstationbased real-time mesoscale modeling designed for weather support to operations at the Kennedy Space Center and Cape Canaveral Air Station. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 11, 653Ò6-72.
Manqian, M. and J. Jinjun, 1993: A coupled model on land-atmosphere interactions-Simulating the characteristics of the PBL over a heterogeneous surface. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 66, 247-264.
Manschke, A., 1988: Remote sensing of cloud base temperature in convective situations. Proc. Int. Radiation Symp. in Lille. International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics Radiation Commission, A. Deepak Publishing, 252.
Mansfield, D. A., 1977: Squall lines observed during GATE. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 103, 569-574.
Mansfield, D. A., 1986: The skill of dynamical long-range forecasts, including the effect of sea surface temperature anomalies. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 112, 1145-1176.
Manson, A. H. and and, 1993: Characteristics of gravity waves (10 min-6 hours) at Saskatoon ( 52 N, 107 W) : Observations by the phase coherent Medium Frequency radar. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 20357-20367.
Manson, A. H. and C. E. Meek, 1988: Gravity wave propagation characteristics (60-120 km) as determined by the Saskatoon MF radar ( GRAVNET) system: 1983-85 at 527 N, 1077 W. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 932-946.
Manton, M. J., 1982: A model of fair weather cumulus convection. Bound. Layer Meteor., 22, 91-107.
Manton, M. J., 1987: A bulk model of the well-mixed boundary layer. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 40, 165-178.
Manton, M. J. and W. R. Cotton, 1977: Parameterization of the atmospheric surface layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 34 (2), 331-334.
Manton, M. J. and J. L. McBride, 1992: Recent research on the Australian monsoon. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 70, 275-285.
Manton, M. l. and G. P. Ayers, 1982: On the number concentration of aerosols in towns. Bound. Layer Meteor., 22, 171-181.
Mantua, N. J. and and, 1995: A periodic variability in the Zebiak-Cane coupled ocean-atmospheric model: Air-sea interaction in the western equatorial Pacific. J. Climate, 8, 2897-2927.
Mantua, N. J. and D. S. Battisti, 1994: Evidence for the delayed oscillator mechanism for ENSO: The ''observed'' oceanic Kelvin mode in the far western Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 691-699.
Mantyla, A. W., 1994: The treatment of inconsistencies in Atlantic deep water salinity data. Deep-Sea Res., Part 1. 41, 1387-1405.
Mantyla, A. W. and J. L. Reid, 1983: Abyssal characteristics of the World Ocean waters. Deep-Sea Res., 30, 805-833.
manuscript.), P. B. R. and R. O. R. Y. Thompson, 1973: The deepening of the wind mixed layer. Geophys. Fluid Dyn., 3, 381-404.
Manzella, G. and P. E. L. V. a, 1990: The western Mediterranean Sea: The mean seasonal circulation of the water masses. J. Geophys. Res., 95(C2), 1623-1626.
Manzella, G., G. P. Gasparini, and M. Astraldi, 1988: Water exchange between the eastern and western Mediterranean Sea through the Strait of Sicily. Deep-Sea Res., 35, 1021-1035.
Manzi, A. O. and S. Planton, 1994: Implementation of the ISBA parametrization scheme for land surface processes in a GCM: An annual cycle experiment. J. Hydrol., 155, 355-389.
Mao, Q., S. W. Chang, and R. L. Pfeffer, 2000: Influence of Large-Scale Initial Oceanic Mixed Layer Depth on Tropical Cyclones. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 4058.
Mapes, B. and and, 1993: An integrated view of the 1987 Australian monsoon and its mesoscale convective systems. Part II: Vertical structure. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 119, 733-753.
Mapes, B. and R. A. Houze, 1993: Cloud clusters and superclusters over the oceanic warm pool. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1398-1415.
Mapes, B. and R. A. H. Jr., 1993: An integrated view of the 1987 Australian monsoon and its mesoscale convective systems. Part 2: Vertical structure. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 119, 733-754.
Mapes, B. E., 1993: Gregarious tropical convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2026-2037.
Mapes, B. E., 2001: Water's two height scales: The moist adiabat and the radiative troposphere. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 2353-2366.
Mapes, B. E. and and, 1995: Diabatic divergence profiles in western Pacific mesoscale convective systems. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1807-1828.
Mapes, B. E. and R. A. Houze, Jr., 1992: An integrated view of the 1987 Australian monsoon and its mesoscale convective systems. Part I: Horizontal structure. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc., 118, 927963.
Mapes, B. E. and R. A. Houze, Jr., 1993: An integrated view of the 1987 Australian monsoon and its mesoscale convective systems. Part II: Vertical structure. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc.
Mapes, B. E. and R. A. Houze, Jr., 1993: Cloud clusters and superclusters over the oceanic warm pool. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1398-1415.
Mapes, B. E., R. A. Houze, and Jr., 1995: Diabatic divergence profiles in western Pacific mesoscale convective system. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 18-07.
Mapes, B. E. and R. A. H. Jr., 1992: An integrated view of the 1987 Australian monsoon and its mesoscale convective systems. I: Horizontal structure. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 118, 927-963.
Mapes, B. E. and R. A. H. Jr., 1993: Cloud clusters and super-clusters over the oceanic warm pool. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1398-1415.
Mapes, B. E. and R. A. H. Jr., 1993: Gregarious tropical convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2027-2037.
Mapes, B. E. and R. A. H. Jr., 1995: Diabatic divergence profiles in western Pacific mesoscale convective systems. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1807-1828.
Mapes, B. E. and P. Zuidema, 1996: Radiativedynamical consequences of dry tongues in the tropical atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 620-638.
Marchant, T. R. and N. F. Smyth, 1990: The extended Kortewegde Vries equation and the resonant flow of a fluid over topography. J. Fluid Mech., 221, 263-288.
Marchioro, M. and A. Acrivos, 2001: Shear-induced particle diffusivities from numerical simulations. J. Fluid Mech., 443, 101-128.
Marchuk, G. I. and V. V. Penenko, 1979: A study of the sensitivity of discrete models of atmospheric and oceanic dynamics. Izv. Atmos. Ocean Phys., 15, 785-789.
Marchuk, G. l., V. P. Kochergin, V. l. Klimok, and V. A. Sukhorukov, 1977: On the dynamics of the ocean surface mixed layer. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 7, 865 875.
Marciniak, M.-H. and C. Estournel, 1991: Numerical study of the interaction of mesoscale atmospheric circulations with nocturnal cooling in coastal regions. Fifth Conf. on Meteorology and Oceanography of the Coastal Zone, Miami, FL. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 30-34.
Marcus, P. S., 1990: Vortex dynamics in a shearing zonal flow. J. Fluid Mech., 215, 393-430.
Marcus, S. L., M. Ghil, and J. O. Dickey, 1994: The extratropical 40-day oscillation in the UCLA general circulation model. Part I: Atmospheric angular momentum. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 1431-1446.
Marecal, V., E. Gerard, J. F. Mahfouf, and P. Bauer, 2001: The comparative impact of the assimilation of the SSM/I and TMI brightness temperatures in the ECMWF 4D-Var system. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 1123-1142.
Marecal, V. and J.-F. Mahfouf, 2000: Variational Retrieval of Temperature and Humidity Profiles from TRMM Precipitation Data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 3853.
Marecal, V. and J. F. Mahfouf, 2002: Four-Dimensional Variational Assimilation of Total Column Water Vapor in Rainy Areas. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 43-58.
Marengo, J., A. Cornejo, P. Satyamurty, C. Nobre, and W. Sea, 1997: Cold Surges in Tropical and Extratropical South America: The Strong Event in June 1994. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 2759-2786.
Marengo, J. and L. Druyan, 1994: Validation of model improvements for the GISS GCM. Climate Dyn., 10, 163-179.
Marengo, J. A. and S. Hastenrath, 1993: Case studies of extreme events in the Amazon Basin. J. Climate, 6, 617-627.
Marengo, J. A., A. R. Lare, S. E. Nicholson, and B. Monteny, 1996: Application of evapoclimatonomy to monthly surface water balance calculations at the HAPexSahel supersites. J. Appl. Meteor., 35, 562-573.
Maresca, J. W. and T. M. Georges, 1980: Measuring rms wave height and the scalar ocean wave spectrum with HF skywave radar. J. Geophys. Res., 85(C5), 2759-2771.
Margolin, L., J. M. Reisner, and P. K. Smolarkiewicz, 1997: Application of the Volume-of-Fluid Method to the Advection-Condensation Problem. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 2265-2273.
Margules, M., 1903: Die energie der stume. Jahrb. Zentralanst. Me-teor. Wien. 40, 1-26.
Margules, M., 1903: Die energie der stume. Jahrb. Zentralanst. Meteor. Wien, 40, 1-26.
Margules, M., 1903: U ® ber die energie der stu ®rme. Jahr. kais-ko ®n Zent. fu ® r Meteor. Vienna. (English translation by C. Abbe in Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 51, 1910.
Margules, M., 1906: Uber Temperaturschichtung in stationer bewegter und ruhender luit. Hann-Band. Meteor. Z., 243-254.
Mariano, A. J., 1990: Contour analysis: A new approach for melding geophysical fields. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 7, 285-296.
Mariano, A. J. and O. B. Brown, 1992: Efficient objective analysis of dynamically heterogeneous and nonstationary fields via parameter matrix. Deep-Sea Res., 39, 1255-1271.
Mariano, A. J., A. Griffa, T. M. Ozgokmen, and E. Zambianchi, 2002: Lagrangian Analysis and Predictability of Coastal and Ocean Dynamics 2000. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 19, 1114-1126.
Marinescu, D., A. Espesset, and C. P. Grunfeld, 2002: Tests of a Simulation Method for Boltzmann-like Models with Chemical Reactions. J. Compu. Phy., 175, 225-248.
Mariotti, A., C. R. Mechoso, B. Legras, and V. Daniel, 2000: "The Evolution of the Ozone ""Collar"" in the Antarctic Lower Stratosphere during Early August 1994". J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 402-414.
Mariotti, A., M. V. Struglia, N. Zeng, and K. M. Lau, 2002: The Hydrological Cycle in the Mediterranean Region and Implications for the Water Budget of the Mediterranean Sea. J. Climate, 15, 1674-1690.
Markelov, V. A., 1966: Axis crossings and relative time of existence of a periodically nonstationary random process. Sov. Radiophys., 9, 440-443.
Market, P. S. and D. Cissell, 2002: Formation of a Sharp Snow Gradient in a Midwestern Heavy Snow Event. Wea. Forecasting, 17, 723-738.
Market, P. S. and J. T. Moore, 1998: Mesoscale Evolution of a Continental Occluded Cyclone. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 1793-1811.
Markham, B. L. and S. P. Ahmad, 1990: Radiometric properties of the NS001 Thematic Mapper simulator aircraft multispectral scanner. Remote Sens. Environ., 34, 133-149.
Markham, C. G., 1970: Seasonality of precipitation in the United States. Ann. Assoc. Amer. Geographr., 60, 593-597.
Markham, C. G. and D. R. McLain, 1977: Sea surface temperature related to rain in Ceara, northeastern Brazil. Nature, 265, 320-325.
Marko, J. R., D. B. Fissel, P. Wadhams, P. M. Kelly, and R. D. Brown, 1994: Iceberg severity off eastern North America: Its relationship to sea ice variability and climate change. J. Climate, 7, 1335-1351.
Markowski, P. M., 2002: Hook Echoes and Rear-Flank Downdrafts: A Review. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 852-876.
Markowski, P. M., 2002: Mobile Mesonet Observations on 3 May 1999. Wea. Forecasting, 17, 430–444.
Markowski, P. M., E. N. Rasmussen, J. M. Straka, and D. C. Dowell, 1998: Observations of low-level baroclinity generated by anvil shadows. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 2942-2958.
Markowski, P. M. and J. M. Straka, 2000: Some Observations of Rotating Updrafts in a Low-Buoyancy, Highly Sheared Environment. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 449-461.
Markowski, P. M., J. M. Straka, and E. N. Rasmussen, 2002: Direct Surface Thermodynamic Observations within the Rear-Flank Downdrafts of Nontornadic and Tornadic Supercells. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 1692-1721.
Markowski, P. M., J. M. Straka, E. N. Rasmussen, and D. O. Blanchard, 1998: Variability of storm-relative helicity during VORTEX. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 2959-2971.
Marks, C. and C. Rodgers, 1993: A retrieval method for atmospheric composition from limb emission measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 14939-14953.
Marks, C. J., 1988: Linear wavetrains in models of the stratosphere. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 114, 297-323.
Marks, C. J., 1989: Some features of the climatology of the middle atmosphere revealed by Nimbus 5 and 6. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 2485-2508.
Marks, F. D., 1985: Evolution of the structure of precipitation in Hurricane Allen (1980). Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 909-930.
Marks, F. D., and, and J. F. Gamache, 1992: Dual-aircraft investigation of the inner core of Hurricane Norbert. Part I: Kinematic structure. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 919-942.
Marks, F. D., Jr. and P. M. Austin, 1979: Eflfects of the New England coastal front on the distribution of precipitation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 53-67.
Marks, F. D., Jr. and R. A. Houze, Jr., 1987: Inner-core structure of Hurricane Alicia from airborne Doppler-radar observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 1296-1317.
Marks, F. D., R. A. Houze, and J. F. Gamache, 1992: Dual-aircraft investigation of the inner core of Hurricane Norbert. Part I: Kinematic structure. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 919-942.
Marks, F. D. and Jr., 1985: Evolution and structure of precipitation in Hurricane Allen (1980). Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 909-930.
Marks, F. D., Jr., and P. M. Austin, 1979: Effects of the New England coastal front on the distribution of precipitation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 53-67.
Marks, F. D., Jr., R. A. H. Jr., and J. F. Gamache, 1992: Dual-aircraft investigation of the inner core of Hurricane Norbert. Part I: Kinematic structure. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 919-942.
Marks, F. D. and R. A. H. Jr., 1984: Airborne Doppler radar observations in Hurricane Debby. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 65, 569-582.
Marmarino, G. O., 1987: Observations of small-scale mixing processes in the seasonal thermocline. Part II: Wave breaking. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 1348-1355.
Marmorino, G. O., 1987: Observations of small-scale mixing processes in the seasonal thermocline. Part I: Salt fingering. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 1339-1347.
Marmorino, G. O., 1989: Substructure of oceanic salt finger interfaces. J. Geophys. Res., 94(C4), 4891-4904.
Marmorino, G. O., J. P. Dugan, and T. P. Evans, 1986: Horizontal variability of microstructure in the vicinity of a Sargasso Sea front. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 16, 967-980.
Marmorino, G. O. and Z. R. Hallock, 2001: On Estimating Wind Velocity Using an Upward-Looking ADCP. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 18, 791-798.
Marmorino, G. O. and C. L. Trump, 1993: A salinity front and cur-rent rip near Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 7627-7638.
Maronna, R. and V. J. Yohai, 1978: A bivariate test for the detection of a systematic change in mean. J. Amer. Stat. Assoc., 73, 640-645.
Marotzke, J., 1991: Influence of convective adjustment on the stability of the thermohaline circulation of the ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 901-907.
Marotzke, J., 1991: Influence of convective adjustment on the stability of the thermohaline circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 903-907.
Marotzke, J. and P. H. Stone, 1995: Atmospheric transports, the thermohaline circulation, and flux adjustments in a simple coupled model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 1350-1364.
Marotzke, J., P. Welander, and J. Willebrand, 1988: Instability and multiple steady states in a meridional-plane model of the thermohaline circulation. Tellus, 40A, 162-172.
Marotzke, J. and J. Willebrand, 1991: Multiple equilibria of the global thermohaline circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 1372-1385.
Maroulis, P. J., A. L. Torres, A. B. Goldberg, and A. R. Bandy, 1980: Atmospheric SO2 measurements on Project Gametag. J. Geophys. Res., 85, 7345-7349.
Marple, S. L. and Jr., 1987: Digital Spectral Analysis with Applications. Prentice-Hall Inc., 492.
Marple, V. A. and K. Willeke, 1976: Impactor design. Atmos. Environ., 10, 891-896.
Marques, F., J. M. Lopez, and J. Shen, 2002: Mode interactions in an enclosed swirling flow: a double Hopf bifurcation between azimuthal wavenumbers 0 and 2. J. Fluid Mech., 455, 263-282.
Marques, J., J. M. Santos, N. A. V. Nova, and E. Salati, 1977: Precipitable water and water vapor flux between Belem and Manuas. Acta Amazonica, 7, 355-362.
Marques, R. F. C. and V. B. Rao, 1999: A Diagnosis of a Long-Lasting Blocking Event over the Southeast Pacific Ocean. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 1761-1776.
Marquez, A. and S. Meddahi, 2001: New Implementation Techniques for the Exterior Stokes Problem in the Plane. J. Comput. Phy., 172, 685-703.
Marrocu, M., A. Pompei, G. Dalu, L. Liberti, and A. Negri, 1993: Precipitation estimation over Sardinia from satellite infrared data. Int. J. Remote Sens., 14, 115-134.
Marsden, R. F., L. A. Mysak, and R. A. Myers, 1991: Evidence for stability enhancement of sea ice in the Greenland and Labrador Seas. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 4783-4790.
Marsden, A. L., O. V. Vasilyev, and P. Moin, 2002: Construction of Commutative Filters for LES on Unstructured Meshes. J. Compu. Phy., 175, 584-603.
Marsden, R. F., L. A. Mysak, and R. A. Myers, 1991: Evidence for stability enhancement of sea-ice in the Greenland and Labrador Seas. J. Geophys. Res., 96(C3), 4783-4789.
Marsh, R., 2000: Recent Variability of the North Atlantic Themohaline Circulation Inferred from Surface Heat and Freshwater Fluxes. J. Climate, 13, 3239.
Marsh, R., M. J. Roberts, R. A. Wood, and A. L. New, 1996: An intercomparison of a Bryan-Cox type ocean model and an isopycnic ocean model. Part II: The subtropical gyre and meridi-onal heat transport. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 1528-1551.
Marshak, A., A. Davis, R. Cahalan, and W. Wiscombe, 1994: Bounded cascade models as non-stationary multifractals. Phys. Rev. E, 49, 55-69.
Marshak, A., A. Davis, W. Wiscombe, and R. Cahalan, 1997: Scale Invariance in Liquid Water Distributions in Marine Stratocumulus. Part II: Multifractal Properties and Intermittency Issues. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1423-1444.
Marshak, A., A. Davis, W. J. Wiscombe, and R. F. Cahalan, 1996: Radiative smoothing in fractal clouds. J. Geophys. Res., In press.
Marshak, A., A. Davis, W. J. Wiscombe, and G. I. Titov, 1995: The verisimilitude of the independent pixel approximation used in cloud remote sensing. Remote Sens. Environ., 52, 71-78.
Marshall, B. J., C. J. Wood, B. A. Gardiner, and R. E. Belcher, 2002: Conditional Sampling of Forest Canopy Gusts. Bound. Layer Meteor., 102, 225-251.
Marshall, D., 1993: Resonance of Fofonoff 's mode in a rotated basin. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 970-978.
Marshall, D., 1995: Topographic steering of the Antarctic Circum-polar Current. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 1636-1650.
Marshall, D. and J. Marshall, 1992: Zonal penetration scale of midlatitude oceanic jets. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 1018-1032.
Marshall, D. and J. C. Marshall, 1995: On the thermodynamics of subduction. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 138-151.
Marshall, D. W., W. R. Skinner, M. D. Burrage, D. A. Gell, and J.-H. Yee, 1993: Global mesospheric tidal winds observed by the High Resolution Doppler Imager on board the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1263-1266.
Marshall, G. J., 2002: Trends in Antarctic Geopotential Height and Temperature: A Comparison between Radiosonde and NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis Data. J. Climate, 15, 659-674.
Marshall, H. G. and J. P. Boyd, 1987: Solitons in a continuously stratified equatorial ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 1016-1031.
Marshall, J., H. Johnson, and J. Goodman, 2001: A Study of the Interaction of the North Atlantic Oscillation with Ocean Circulation. J. Climate, 14, 1399.
Marshall, J. and A. Nurser, 1986: Steady, free circulation in a stratified quasigeostrophic ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 16, 1799-1813.
Marshall, J., D. Olbers, H. Ross, and D. Wolf-Gladrow, 1993: Potential vorticity constraints on the dynamics and hydrography of the Southern Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 465-487.
Marshall, J. and G. Shutts, 1981: A note on rotational and eddy heat fluxes. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 1677-1680.
Marshall, J. and D. W. K. So, 1990: Thermal equilibration of planetary waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 963-978.
Marshall, J. C., 1984: Eddy-mean flow interaction in a barotropic ocean model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 110, 573-590.
Marshall, J. C. and F. Molteni, 1993: Toward a dynamical understanding of planetary-scale flow regimes. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1792-1818.
Marshall, J. C. and A. J. G. Nurser, 1991: A continuously stratified thermocline model incorporating a mixed layer of variable thickness and density. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 1780-1792.
Marshall, J. C. and A. J. G. Nurser, 1992: Fluid dynamics of thermocline ventilation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 583-595.
Marshall, J. C., A. J. G. Nurser, and R. G. Williams, 1993: Inferring the subduction rate and period over the North Atlantic. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 1315-1329.
Marshall, J. L., 1985: Determining the ocean circulation and improving the geoid from satellite altimetry. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 15, 330-349.
Marshall, J. M., A. M. Peterson, and A. A. B. Jr., 1972: Combined radar-acoustic sounding system. Appl. Opt., 11, 108-112.
Marshall, J. S., 1953: Frontal precipitation and lightning observed by radar. Can. J. Phys., 31, 194-203.
Marshall, J. S., P. Brancher, and A. Giovannini, 2001: Interaction of unequal anti-parallel vortex tubes. J. Fluid Mech., 446, 229-252.
Marshall, J. S. and K. L. S. Gunn, 1952: Measurement of snow parameters by radar. J. Meteor., 9, 322-327.
Marshall, J. S. and W. Hitschfeld, 1953: Interpretation of the fluctuating echo from randomly distributed scatterers. Canadian J. Physics, 31, 962-994.
Marshall, J. S. and W. M. Palmer, 1948: The distribution of raindrops with size. J. Meteor., 5, 165-166.
Marshall, M. W., 1990: Ocean Traders (from the Portuguese Discoveries to the Present Day). Facts on File, 192.
Marshall, S., R. J. Oglesby, J. W. Larson, and B. Saltzman, 1994: A comparison of GCM sensitivity to changes in CO2 and solar luminosity. Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2487-2490.
Marshall, S., J. O. Roads, and G. Glatzmaier, 1994: Snow hydrology in a general circulation model. J. Climate, 7, 1251-1269.
Marshall, T. C. and and, 1993: Two types of vertical electrical structures in stratiform precipitation regions of mesoscale convective systems. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 74, 2159-2170.
Marshall, T. C., and, and M. Stolzenburg, 1995: Electrical structure and updraft speeds in thunderstorms over the southern Great Plains. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 1001-1015.
Marshall, T. C. and W. D. Rust, 1991: Electric field soundings through thunderstorms. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 22297-22306.
Marshall, T. C. and M. Stolzenburg, 2001: Voltages inside and just above thunderstorms. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 4757.
Marshall, T. P., 2002: Tornado Damage Survey at Moore, Oklahoma. Wea. Forecasting, 17, 582-598.
Marshment, R. A. and L. H. Horn, 1986: Spring season Colorado cyclones. Part II: Composites of atmospheric moisture and moist static stability. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 25, 744-752.
Marshunova, M. S., 1961: Principle regularities of the radiation balance of the underlying surface and of the atmosphere in the Arctic (in Russian). Tr. Arct. Antarct. Nauchno-Issled. Inst., 229(5), Transl. by Rand Corp. Memo RM-5003-PR.
Marshunova, M. S. and N. T. C. M., 1966: Numerical characteristics of the radiation regime in the Soviet Arctic. Proc. Symp. Arctic Heat Budget and Atmospheric Circulation. Rand Corp. Memo. RM-5233-NFS, 281-297.
Marsigli, C., A. Montani, F. Nerozzi, T. Paccagnella, S. Tibaldi, F. Molteni, and R. Buizza, 2001: A strategy for high-resolution ensemble prediction. II: Limited-area experiments in four Alpine flood events. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 2095-2116.
Marsik, F. M., K. Fisher, T. D. McDonald, and P. J. Samson, 1995: Comparison of methods for estimating mixing height used during the Atlanta field intensive. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 1802-1814.
Martano, P., 2002: An Algorithm for the Calculation of the Time-Dependent Mixing Height in Coastal Sites. J. App. Meteor., 41, 351-354.
Martel, F. and C. Wunsch, 1993: The North Atlantic circulation in the early 1980s-An estimation from inversion of a finite-difference model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 898-923.
Marth, P. C. and Coauthors, 1993: Prelaunch performance of the NASA altimeter for the TOPEX/ POSEIDON project. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 31, 315-332.
Marti, O., G. Madec, and P. Delecluse, 1992: Comment on ''Net diffusivity in ocean general circulation models with nonuniform grids.' J. Geophys. Res., 97(C8), 12763-12766.
Martilli, A., A. Clappier, and M. W. Rotach, 2002: An Urban Surface Exchange Parameterisation for Mesoscale Models. Bound. Layer Meteor., 104, 261-304.
Martin, C. L. and R. A. Pielke, 1983: The adequacy of the hydrostatic assumption in sea breeze modelling over flat terrain. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1472-1481.
Martin, C. L. and R. A. Pielke, 1983: The adequacy of the hydrostatic assumption in seabreeze modeling over flat terrain. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1472-1481.
Martin, D., 1994: Navy Operational Oceanography Initiatives. Sea Technol., 35, 27Ò3-1.
Martin, D. F. and P. Colella, 2000: A Cell-Centered Adaptive Projection Method for the Incompressible Euler Equations. J. Comp. Phys., 163, 271.
Martin, D. W., 1975: Characteristics of West African and Atlantic Cioud Clusters. GATE Rep. 14, 182-192 pp.
Martin, D. W. and A. J. Schreiner, 1981: Characteristics of West African and East Atlantic cloud clusters: A survey of GATE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 1671-1688.
Martin, D. W. and A. J. Schreiner, 1981: Characteristics of West African and East Atlantic cloud clusters: A survey from GATE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 1671-1688.
Martin, E., C. Martel, and J. M. Vega, 2002: Drift instability of standing Faraday waves. J. Fluid Mech., 467, 57-80.
Martin, G. M., M. R. Bush, and R. N. B. Smith, 2000: A New Boundary Layer Mixing Scheme. Part II: Tests in Climate and Mesoscale Models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 3200.
Martin, G. M., D. W. Johnson, D. P. Rogers, P. R. Jonas, P. Minnis, and D. A. Hegg, 1995: Observations of the interaction between cumulus clouds and warm stratocumulus clouds in the marine boundary layer during ASTEX. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2902-2922.
Martin, G. M., D. W. Johnson, and A. Spice, 1994: The measurement and parameterization of effective radius in warm stratocumulus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 1823-1842.
Martin, J. E., 1998: The Structure and Evolution of a Continental Winter Cyclone. Part I: Frontal Structure and the Occlusion Process. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 303-328.
Martin, J. E., 1998: The Structure and Evolution of a Continental Winter Cyclone. Part II: Frontal Forcing of an Extreme Snow Event. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 329-348.
Martin, J. E., 1998: On the Deformation Term in the Quasigeostrophic Omega Equation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 2000-2007.
Martin, J. E., 1999: Quasigeostrophic Forcing of Ascent in the Occluded Sector of Cyclones and the Trowal Airstream. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 70-88.
Martin, J. E., 1999: The Separate Roles of Geostrophic Vorticity and Deformation in the Midlatitude Occlusion Process. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 2404-2418.
Martin, J. E., R. D. Grauman, and N. Marsili, 2001: Surface Cyclolysis in the North Pacific Ocean. Part I: A Synoptic Climatology. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 748.
Martin, J. E., J. D. Locatelli, and P. V. Hobbs, 1990: Organization and structure of clouds and precipitation on the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States. Part III: The evolution of a middletropospheric cold front. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 195-217.
Martin, J. E., J. D. Locatelli, and P. V. Hobbs, 1990: Organization and structure of clouds and precipitation on the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States. Part III: The evolution of a middle-tropospheric cold front. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 195-217.
Martin, J. E., J. D. Locatelli, and P. V. Hobbs, 1992: Organization and structure of clouds and precipitation on the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States. Part V: The role of an upper-level front in the generation of a rain band. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 1293-1303.
Martin, J. E., J. D. Locatelli, P. V. Hobbs, P.-Y. Wang, and J. A. Castle, 1995: Structure and evolution of winter cyclones in the central United States and their effects on the distribution of precipitation. Part I: A synoptic-scale rainband associated with a dryline and lee trough. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 241-264.
Martin, J. E. and N. Marsili, 2002: Surface Cyclolysis in the North Pacific Ocean. Part II: Piecewise Potential Vorticity Diagnosis of a Rapid Cyclolysis Event. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 1264-1281.
Martin, J. J., P. K. Wang, and H. R. Pruppacher, 1981: A numerical study of the effect of electric charges on the efficiency with which planar ice crystals collect supercooled cloud drops. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 2462-2469.
Martin, L. C. and R. A. Pielke, 1983: The adequacy of the hydrostatic assumption in sea breeze modeling over flat terrain. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1472-1481.
Martin, L. J., 1984: Clearing the Martian air: The troubled history of dust storms. Icarus, 57, 317-321.
Martin, L. J. and R. W. Zurek, 1993: An analysis of the history of dust activity on Mars. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 3221-3246.
Martin, P. J., 1985: Simulation of the mixed layer at OWS November and Papa with several models. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 903-916.
Martin, T. J., B. G. Gardiner, and G. Seckmeyer, 2000: Uncertainties in satellite-derived estimates of surface UV doses. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 27005.
Martin, T. Z. and H. H. Kieffer, 1979: Thermal infrared properties of the Martian atmosphere II: The 15-mm band measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 84, 2843-2852.
Martinec, J. and A. Rango, 1989: Effects of climate change on snowmelt runoff patterns. Proc., International Symp. on Large-Scale Effects of Seasonal Snow Cover, Vancouver, Canada, International Association for Hydrological Sciences Publ. 166, 107-120.
MartÌnez-Fort²n, J. A., 1942: Ciclones de Cuba. Revista Bimestre Cubana, 50, 232-249.
Martinsen, E. A. and H. Engedahl, 1987: Implementation and testing of a lateral boundary scheme as an open boundary condition in a barotropic ocean model. Coastal Eng., 11, 603-627.
Martinsen, R. J. and E. J. Bock, 1992: Optical measurements of ripples using a scanning laser slope gauge. Part I: Instrumentation and preliminary results. Optics of the Air-Sea Interface: Theory and Measurement, Vol. 1749. Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 258-271.
Martinson, D. G., 1990: Evolution of the Southern Ocean winter mixed layer and sea ice: Open ocean deepwater formation and ventilation. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 11641-11654.
Martinson, D. G., P. D. Killworth, and A. L. Gordon, 1981: A convective model for the Weddell Polynya. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 466-488.
Martinson, D. G. and C. Wamser, 1990: Ice drift and momentum exchange in the winter Antarctic pack ice. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 1741-1755.
Martner, B. E. and Coauthors, 1993: An evaluation of wind profiler, RASS, and microwave radiometer performance. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 74, 599-613.
Martner, B. E. and R. A. Kropfli, 1989: TRACIR: A radar technique for observing the exchange of air between clouds and their environment. Atmos. Environ., 23, 2715-2721.
Martner, B. E. and R. A. Kropfli, 1993: Observations of multi-lay-ered clouds using K-band radar. Preprints, 31st Aerospace Sci. Meeting, Reno, NV, Amer. Inst. Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1-8.
Martner, B. E. and R. A. Kropfli, 1993: Observations of multi-lay-ered clouds using K-band radar. Reprint, 31st Aerospace Science Meeting. Reno, NV, Amer. Inst. Aeronautics and Astro-nautics, 8.
Martner, B. E., J. D. Marwitz, and R. A. Kropfli, 1992: Radar observations of transport and diffusion in clouds and precipitation using TRA-CIR. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 9, 226-241.
Martner, B. E. and K. P. Moran, 2001: Using cloud radar polarization measurements to evaluate stratus cloud and insect echoes. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 4891.
Martner, B. E., F. M. Ralph, and B. W. Bartram, 2000: Extending the Dynamic Range of an S-Band Radar for Cloud and Precipitation Studies. J. Atmos. Ocean Tech., 17, 1226.
Martner, B. E., R. M. Rauber, R. M. Rasmussen, E. T. Prater, and M. K. Ramamurthy, 1992: Impacts of a destructive and well-observed cross-country winter storm. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 169-172.
Maruhn, J. A., T. Burvenich, and D. G. Madland, 2001: Calculating the Fierz Transformation for Higher Orders. J. Comp. Phys., 169, 238.
Marukami, M., 1983: Analysis of the deep convective activity over the western Pacific and Southeast Asia. Part I: Diurnal variation. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 61, 60-75.
Marusic, I., G. J. Kunkel, and F. PorteAgel, 2001: Experimental study of wall boundary conditions for large-eddy simulation. J. Fluid Mech., 446, 309-320.
Maruyama, T., 1979: Equatorial waves intensity over the Indian Ocean during the years 1968-1972. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 57, 39-50.
Maruyama, T., 1991: Annual and QBO-synchronized variations of lower-stratospheric equatorial wave activity over Singapore during 1961-1989. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 69, 219-232.
Maruyama, T., 1994: Upward transport of westerly momentum due to disturbances of the equatorial lower stratosphere in the period range about 2 days-A Singapore data analysis for 1983-1993. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 72, 423-432.
Marwell, G., R. Rosenfeld, and S. Spilerman, 1979: Geographic constraints on women's careers in academia. Science, 205, 1225-1231.
Marwitz, J., 1986: A comparison of winter orographic storms over the San Juan Mountains and the Sierra Nevada. Precipitation Enhancement-A Scientific Challenge. Meteor. Monogr., No. 43, Amer. Meteor. Soc.
Marwitz, J. D., 1972: The structure and motion of severe hailstorms. Part II: Multicell storms. J. Appl. Meteor., 11, 180-188.
Marwitz, J. D., 1972: Precipitation efficiency of thunderstorms on the High Plains. J. Rech. Atmos., 6, 367-370.
Marwitz, J. D., 1972: The structure and motion of severe hailstorms. Part I: Supercell storms. J. Appl. Meteor., 11, 166-179.
Marwitz, J. D., 1972: The structure and motion of severe hailstorms. Part II: Multi-cell storms. J. Appl. Meteor., 11, 180-188.
Marwitz, J. D., 1972: The structure and motion of severe hailstorms. Part III: Severely sheared storms. J. Appl. Meteor., 11, 189-201.
Marwitz, J. D., 1983: The kinematics of orographic airflow during Sierra storms. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1218-1227.
Marwitz, J. O., 1972: Precipitation efficiency of thunderstorms on the High Plains. J. Rech. Atmos., 6, 367-370.
Maryon, R. H. and A. T. Buckland, 1994: Diffusion in a Laglangian multiple particle model: A sensitivity study. Atmos. Environ., 28, 2019-2038.
Maryon, R. H. and C. C. Heasman, 1988: The accuracy of plume trajectories forecast using the U.K. Meteorological Office operational forecasting models and their sensitivity to calculation schemes. Atmos. Environ., 22, 259-272.
Maryon, R. H. and C. C. Heasman, 1988: The accuracy of plume trajectories forecast using the U.K. Meteorological Office operational forecasting models and their sensitivity to calculational schemes. Atmos. Environ., 22, 259-272.
Maryon, R. H. and A. M. Storey, 1985: A multivariate statistical model for forecasting anomalies of half-monthly mean surface pressure. J. Climatol., 5, 561-578.
Marzban, C. and J. T. Schaefer, 2001: The Correlation between U.S. Tornadoes and Pacific Sea Surface Temperatures. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 884.
Marzban, C. and R. Viswanathan, 1994: Stochastic neural networks with the weighted Hebb Rule. Phys. Lett., A191, 127-133.
Marzban, C. and A. Witt, 2001: A Bayesian Neural Network for Severe-Hail Size Prediction. Wea. Forecasting, 16, 600-610.
Marzoug, M. and P. Amayenc, 1991: Improved range-profiling al-gorithm of rainfall rate from a spaceborne radar with path-in-tegrated attenuation constraint. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 29, 584-592.
Marzoug, M. and and, 1991: Improved range profiling algorithm of rain-fall rate from a spaceborne radar with path-integrated attenuation constraint. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. (Special issue IGARSS'90), GE-29, 584-592.
Marzoug, M. and and, 1992: A new class of dual-frequency algorithms for rain rate profiling from, a spaceborne radar: Principle and tests. Proc. IGARSS'92 Symp., Houston, TX.
Marzoug, M. and and, 1993: Algorithms for range profiling of rain rate from a spaceborne radar: Overall validation using airborne radar data. Proc. 26th Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Norman, OK.
Marzoug, M. and and, 1994: A class of singleand dual-frequency algo-rithms for rain rate profiling from a spaceborne radar. Part I: Principle and tests from numerical simulations. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 11, 1480-1506.
Marzoug, M., and, J. Testud, and N. Karouche, 1989: Conceptual design of the spaceborne rain radar of the B.E.S.T. project. Proc. 24th Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Tallahassee, FL.
Masagutov, T. F., 1981: Calculation of vertical turbulent fluxes in the atmospheric surface layer above the ocean in the Tropics. Sov. Meteor. Hydrol., N12, 61-68.
Maser, R., H. Franke, M. Preiss, and W. Jaeschke, 1994: Methods provided and applied in a research aircraft for the study of cloud physics and chemistry. Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 67, 321-334.
Masina, S., N. Pinardi, and A. Navarra, 2001: A global ocean temperature and altimeter data assimilation system for studies of climate variability. Climate Dynamics, 17, 687-700.
Maslanik, J. A., J. R. Key, and R. G. Barry, 1989: Merging AVHRR and SMMR data for remote sensing of ice and cloud in polar regions. Int. J. Remote Sens., 10, 1691-1696.
Maslowe, S. A., 1972: The generation of clear air turbulence by nonlinear waves. Stud. Appl. Math., 51, 1-16.
Maslowe, S. A., 1973: Finite-amplitude Kelvin-Helmholtz billow. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 5, 43-52.
Mason, B. J., 1952: Production of rain and drizzle by coalescence in stratiform clouds. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 78, 377-386.
Mason, B. J., 1956: On the melting of hailstones. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 82, 209-216.
Mason, B. J., 1971: The Physics of Clouds, 2nd ed. Clarendon Press, 671 pp.
Mason, B. J., 1971: The Physics of Clouds. Clarendon Press, 6-72.
Mason, B. J., 1992: Snow crystals, natural and man made. Contemp. Phys., 33, 227-243.
Mason, B. J., 1994: The shape of snow crystals-Fitness for purpose? Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 120, 849-860.
Mason, B. J., 2001: The role of sea-salt particles as cloud condensation nuclei over the remote oceans. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 2023-2032.
Mason, I., 1982: A model for assessment of weather forecasts. Aust. Meteor. Mag., 30, 291-303.
Mason, I. B., 1982: A model for the assessment of weather forecasts. Aust. Meteor. Mag., 30, 291-303.
Mason, I. B., 1989: Dependence of the critical success index on sam-ple climate and threshold probability. Aust. Meteor. Mag., 37, 75-81.
Mason, J., 1989: The greenhouse effect. Contemp. Phys., 30, 417-432.
Mason, P. J., 1985: On the parametrization of orographic drag. Seminar on Physical Parametrization for Numerical Models of the Atmosphere. Reading, United Kingdom, ECMWF.
Mason, P. J., 1986: On the parameterization of the orographic drag. ECMWF Seminar Proc. on Observation. Theory and Modelling of Orographic Effects, 167-194.
Mason, P. J., 1986: On the parametrization of orographic drag. Seminar on Physical Parameterization for Numerical Models of the Atmosphere. Shinfield Park. Reading, United Kingdom, ECMWF.
Mason, P. J., 1988: The formation of areally-averaged roughness lengths. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 114, 399-420.
Mason, P. J., 1989: Large-eddy simulation of the convective atmospheric boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1492-1516.
Mason, P. J., 1994: Large-eddy simulation: A critical review of the technique. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 120, 1-26.
Mason, P. J. and A. R. Brown, 1994: The sensitivity of large-eddy simulations of turbulent shear flow to subgrid models. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 70, 133-150.
Mason, P. J. and A. R. Brown, 1999: On Subgrid Models and Filter Operations in Large Eddy Simulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 2101-2114.
Mason, P. J. and N. S. Callen, 1986: On the magnitude of the subgrid-scale eddy coefficient in large-eddy simulations of turbulent channel flow. J. Fluid Mech., 162, 439-462.
Mason, P. J. and S. H. Derbyshire, 1990: Large-eddy simulation of the stably-stratified atmosphere boundary layer. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 53, 117-162.
Mason, P. J. and R. I. Sykes, 1978: A simple cartesian model of boundary layer flow over topography. J. Comp. Phys., 28, 198 210.
Mason, P. J. and R. I. Sykes, 1979: Three-dimensional numerical integrations of the NavierStokes equations for flow over surface-mounted obstacles. J. Fluid Mech., 91, 433-450.
Mason, P. J. and R. I. Sykes, 1980: A two-dimensional numerical study of horizontal roll vortices in the neutral atmospheric boundary layer. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 106, 351-366.
Mason, P. J. and R. I. Sykes, 1981: On the influence of topography on plume dispersal. Boun. Layer Meteor., 21, 137 157.
Mason, P. J. and R. I. Sykes, 1982: A two-dimensional numerical study of horizontal roll vortices in an inversion~capped planetary boundary layer. Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 108, 801-823.
Mason, P. J. and R. I. Sykes, 1982: A two-dimensional numerical study of horizontal roll vortices in an inversion capped planetary boundary layer. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 108, 801-823.
Mason, S. A., R. J. Field, R. J. Yokelson, M. A. Kochivar, M. R. Tinsley, D. E. Ward, and W. M. Hao, 2001: Complex effects arising in smoke plume simulations due to inclusion of direct emissions of oxygenated organic species from biomass combustion (Paper 2001JD900003). J. Geophy. Res., 106, 12,527-12,540.
Mason, S. J. and N. E. Graham, 2002: Areas beneath the relative operating characteristics (ROC) and relative operating levels (ROL) curves: Statistical significance and interpretation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 128, 2145-2166.
Mason, S. J. and G. M. Mimmack, 2002: Comparison of Some Statistical Methods of Probabilistic Forecasting of ENSO. J. Climate, 15, 8-29.
Mass, C., 1981: Topographically forced convergence in western Washington state. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 1335-1347.
Mass, C., 1982: The topographically forced diurnal circulations of western Washington State and their influence on precipitation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 170-183.
Mass, C. and Y.-H. Kuo, 1988: Regional real-time numerical prediction: Currrent status and future potential. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 79, 253-263.
Mass, C. and C. Sagan, 1976: A numerical circulation model with topography for the Martian southern hemisphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 1418-1430.
Mass, C. A., 1979: A linear primitive equation model of African wave disturbances. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 463-487.
Mass, C. F., 1981: Topographically forced convergence in western Washington state. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 1335-1347.
Mass, C. F., 1989: The origin of the Catalina eddy. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 2406-2436.
Mass, C. F., 1991: Synoptic frontal analysis: Time for a reassessment? Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 72, 348-363.
Mass, C. F., 1995: Comments on ''The dynamics of coastally trapped meso-scale ridges in the lower atmosphere.''. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2313-2318.
Mass, C. F., Albright, and D. J. Brees, 1986: The onshore surge of marine air into the Pacific Northwest: A coastal region of complex terrain. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 2602-2627.
Mass, C. F. and M. D. Albright, 1987: Coastal southerlies and along-shore surges of the west coast of North America: Evidence of mesoscale topographically trapped response to synoptic forcing. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1707-1738.
Mass, C. F. and M. D. Albright, 1988: Reply. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 2407-2410.
Mass, C. F. and M. D. Albright, 1989: Origin of the Catalina Eddy. Mon. Wea. Rev. 117, 2406-2436.
Mass, C. F., M. D. Albright, and D. J. Brees, 1986: The onshore surge of marine air into the Pacific Northwest: A coastal region of complex terrain. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 2602-2627.
Mass, C. F. and N. A. Bond, 1996: Coastally trapped wind reversals along the United States west coast during the warm season. Part II: Synoptic evolution. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 446-461.
Mass, C. F. and N. A. Bond, 1997: Reply. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 1695-1697.
Mass, C. F. and D. P. Dempsey, 1985: A one-level, mesoscale model for diagnosing surface winds in mountainous and coastal regions. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 1211-1227.
Mass, C. F., H. J. Edmon, H. J. Friedman, N. R. Cheney, and E. E. Recker, 1987: The use of compact discs for the storage of large meteorological and oceanographic data sets. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 68, 1556-1558.
Mass, C. F. and G. K. Ferber, 1990: Surface pressure perturbations produced by an isolated mesoscale topographic barrier. Part I: general characteristics and dynamics. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 2579-2598.
Mass, C. F. and D. A. Portman, 1989: Major volcanic eruptions and climate: A critical evaluation. J. Climate, 2, 566-593.
Mass, C. F. and S. H. Schneider, 1977: Statistical evidence on the influence of sunspots and volcanic dust on longterm temperature records. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1995-2004.
Mass, C. F. and D. M. Schultz, 1993: The structure and evolution of a simulated midlatitude cyclone over land. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 889-917.
Massacand, A. C., H. Wernli, and H. C. Davies, 2001: Influence of Upstream Diabatic Heating upon an Alpine Event of Heavy Precipitation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 2822-2828.
Massart, D. L. and L. Kaufman, 1983: The Interpretation of Analytical Chemical Data by Use of Cluster Analysis. Wiley, 237.
Massel, S. T., 1993: Extended refraction-diffraction equation for surface waves. Coastal Eng., 19, 97-126.
Massman, W. J., 1978: On the nature of vertical oscillations of constant volume balloons. J. Appl. Meteor., 17, 1351-1356.
Massman, W. J., 1991: The attenuation of concentration fluctuations in turbulent flow through a tube. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 15269-15273.
Massman, W. J., 1992: A surface energy balance method for partitioning evapotranspiration data into plant and soil components for a surface with partial canopy cover. Water Resourc. Res., 28, 1723-1732.
Masson, D. and P. LeBlond, 1989: Spectral evolution of windgenerated surface gravity waves in a dispersed ice field. J. Fluid Mech., 202, 43-81.
Masson, V. and P. Bougeault, 1996: Numerical simulations of a low-level wind created by complex orography: A cierzo case study. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 701-715.
Mastrantonio, G., F. Einaudi, D. Fua, and D. P. Lalas, 1976: Generation of gravity waves by jet streams in the atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 1730-1738.
Masuda, A., 1982: An interpretation of the bimodal character of the stable Kuroshio path. Deep-Sea Res., 29, 471-484.
Masuda, K., 1988: Meridional heat transport by the atmosphere and the ocean: Analysis of FGGE data. Tellus, 40A, 285-302.
Masuda, K., H. G. Leighton, and Z. Li, 1995: A new parameterization for the determination of solar flux absorbed at the surface from satellite measurements. J. Climate, 8, 1615-1629.
Masuda, K., T. Takashima, and Y. Takayama, 1988: Emissivity of pure and sea waters for the model sea surface in the infrared window regions. Remote Sens. Environ., 24, 313-329.
Masuda, Y., 1988: Influence of wind and temperature on the height limit of a radio acoustic sounding system. Radio Sci., 23, 647-654.
Masunaga, H., T. Iguchi, R. Oki, and M. Kachi, 2002: Comparison of Rainfall Products Derived from TRMM Microwave Imager and Precipitation Radar. J. Appl. Meteor., 41, 849-862.
Masutani, M., K. Campana, and S. Lord, 1999: The observing system simulation experiments for NPOESS. Preprint 3rd Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems, Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc.
Masuzawa, J., 1955: An outline of the Kuroshio in the eastern sea of Japan: Currents and waters masses of the Kuroshio system IV. Oceanogr. Mag., 7(1), 29-48.
Masuzawa, J., 1955: Notes on the crosscurrent structure of the Kuroshio: Currents and water masses of the Kuroshio system V. Oceanogr. Mag., 7(2), 96-101.
Masuzawa, J., 1956: A note on the Kuroshio farther to the east of Japan: Currents and water masses of the Kuroshio system VI. Oceanogr. Mag., 8(2), 97-104.
Masuzawa, J., 1969: A short note on the Kuroshio stream axis (in Japanese with English legends). J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan, 25, 259-260.
Masuzawa, J., 1969: Subtropical Mode Water. Deep-Sea Res., 16, 453-472.
Matalas, N. C., 1967: Mathematical assessment of synthetic hydrology. Water Resour. Res., 3, 937-945.
Matano, R. and G. Philander, 1993: Heat and mass balances of the South Atlantic Ocean calculated from a numerical model. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 977-984.
Matano, R. P., 1993: On the separation of the Brazil current from the coast. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 79-90.
Matano, R. P., M. G. Schlax, and D. B. Chelton, 1993: Seasonal variability in the southwestern Atlantic. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 18027-18035.
Matar, O. K., R. V. Craster, and M. R. E. Warner, 2002: Surfactant transport on highly viscous surface films. J. Fluid Mech., 466, 85-112.
Matarira, C. H. and M. R. Jury, 1992: Contrasting atmospheric structure during wet and dry spells in Zimbabwe. Int. J. Climatol., 12, 165-171.
Mateika, T., 2002: Estimating the Most Steady Frame of Reference from Doppler Radar Data. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 19, 1035-1048.
Matejka, T. and D. L. Bartels, 1998: The Accuracy of Vertical Air Velocities from Doppler Radar Data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 92-117.
Matejka, T. and M. A. LeMone, 1990: The generation and redistribution of momentum in a squall line. Proc Fourth Conf. on Mesoscale Processes, Boulder, CO.
Matejka, T. J., 1980: Mesoscale organization of cloud processes in extratropical cyclones, Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, 361 pp, Seattle.
Matejka, T. J., P. V. Hobbs, and J. R. A. Houze, 1978: Microphysical and dynamical structure of the mesoscale cloud features in extratropical cyclones. Proceedings, Conference on Cloud Physics and Atmospheric Electricity, Issaquah, WA.
Matejka, T. J., R. A. Houze, Jr. , and P. V. Hobbs, 1980: Microphysics and dynamics of clouds associated with mesoscale rainbands in extratropical cyclones. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 106, 29-56.
Matejka, T. J., R. A. H. Jr., and P. V. Hobbs, 1980: Microphysics and dynamics of clouds associated with mesoscale rainbands in extratropical cyclones. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 106, 29-56.
Matejka, T. J., J. R. A. Houze, and P. V. Hobbs, 1980: Microphysics and dynamics of clouds associated with mesoscale rainbands in tropical cyclones. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc., 106, 29-56.
Matejka, T. J. and R. C. Srivastava, 1991: An improved version of the extended velocity- azimuth display analysis of single Doppler-radar data. J. Ocean Atmos. Tech.
Mathai, C. V. and A. W. Harrison, 1980: Estimation of atmospheric aerosol refractive index. Atmos. Environ., 14, 1131-1135.
Mather, G. K., 1989: Estimates of precipitation embryo densities using measurements from an aircraft radar. J. Appl. Meteor., 28, 1089-1097.
Mather, G. K., 1995: Some possible influences of aerosols on cloud microstructure in sub-Saharan Africa. Int. Symp. on Drought in Africa, Trieste, Italy.
Mather, G. K., B. J. Morrison, and G. M. M. Jr, 1986: A preliminary assessment of the importance of coalescence in convective clouds in the eastern Transvaal. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 25, 1780-1784.
Mather, G. K. and D. Terblanche, 1994: Initial results from cloud seeding experiments using hygroscopic flares. Preprints, Sixth WMO Conf. on Weather Modification, Paestum, Italy, World Meteor. Org., 687-690.
Mathews, R., 1983: Global vegetation and land use: New high-resolution data bases for climate studies. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 474-487.
Mathon, V. and H. Laurent, 2001: Life cycle of the Sahelian mesoscale convective cloud systems. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 377.
Mathur, M. B., 1970: A note on an improved quasi-Lag angian advection scheme for primitive equations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 98, 214-219.
Mathur, M. B., 1970: A note on an improved quasi-Langragian advective scheme for primitive equations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 98, 214-219.
Mathur, M. B., 1970: A note on an improved quasi-Lagrangian advection scheme for primitive equation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 98, 214-219.
Mathur, M. B., 1974: A multiple grid primitive equation model to simulate the development of an asymmetric hurricane (Isbell 1964. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 371-393.
Mathur, M. B., 1975: Development of banded structure in a numerically simulated hurricane. J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 512-522.
Mathur, M. B., 1983: A quasi-Lagrangian regional model designed for operational weather prediction. Mon. Wea. Rev.
Mathur, M. B., 1983: On the formulation of quasi-Lagrangian prediction schemes for numerical weather prediction. Mon. Wea. Rev.
Mathur, M. B., 1991: The National Meteorological Center's quasi-Lagrangian model for hurricane prediction. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 1419-1447.
Mathur, M. B., H. S. Bedi, T. N. Krishnamurti, M. Kanamitsu, and J. Woollen, 1992: Use of satellitederived rainfall for improving tropical forecasts. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 2540-2560.
Mathur, M. B., K. F. Brill, and C. J. Seman, 1999: Evolution of Slantwise Vertical Motions in NCEP's Mesoscale Eta Model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 5-25.
Matrosov, S. Y., 1991: Prospects for the measurement of ice cloud particle shape and orientation with elliptically polarized radar signals. Radio Sci., 26, 847-856.
Matrosov, S. Y., 1991: Theoretical study of radar polarization parameters obtained from cirrus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1062-1070.
Matrosov, S. Y., 1992: Radar reflectivity in snowfall. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., GE-30, 454-461.
Matrosov, S. Y., 1993: Possibilities of cirrus particle sizing from dual-frequency radar measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 98(D11), 20675-20683.
Matrosov, S. Y., A. J. Heymsfield, J. M. Intrieri, B. W. Orr, and J. B. Snider, 1995: Ground-based remote sensing of cloud particle sizes during the 26 November 1991 FIRE II cirrus case: Comparisons with in situ data. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 4128-4142.
Matrosov, S. Y., A. V. Korolev, and A. J. Heymsfield, 2002: Profiling Cloud Ice Mass and Particle Characteristic Size from Doppler Radar Measurements. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 19, 1003-1018.
Matrosov, S. Y. and R. A. Kropfli, 1993: Cirrus cloud studies with elliptically polarized Ka-band radar signals: A suggested approach. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 10, 526-532.
Matrosov, S. Y., R. F. Reinking, and B. W. Bartram, 2001: On the Use of Radar Depolarization Ratios for Estimating Shapes of Ice Hydrometeors in Winter Clouds. J. App. Meteor., 40, 479.
Matrosov, S. Y., R. F. Reinking, R. A. Kropfli, and B. W. Bartram, 1996: Estimation of hydrometeor types and shapes from radar polarization measurements. J. Oceanic Atmos. Technol., 13, 85-96.
Matrosov, S. Y., R. F. Reinking, R. A. Kropfli, B. E. Martner, and B. W. Bartram, 2001: On the Use of Radar Depolarization Ratios for Estimating Shapes of Ice Hydrometeors in Winter Clouds. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 479-490.
Matson, M., 1986: The NOAA satellitederived snow cover data base: Past, present, and future. Glaciological Data Report GD18: Snow Watch Ì85, 115-124.
Matson, M. and R. V. Legeckis, 1980: Urban heat islands detected by satellite. Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc. 61, 212.
Matson, M., E. P. McClain, D. F. J. McGinnis, and J. A. Pritchard, 1978: Satellite detection of urban heat islands. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 1725-1734.
Matson, M. C., 1991: NOAA satellite snow cover data. Paleogeography. Global Planetary Change, 4, 213-18.
Matson, M. C., C. F. Ropelewski, and M. S. Varnadore, 1986: An atlas of satellitederived Northern Hemispheric snow cover frequency. NOAA, Washington, DC, 75.
Matson, M. C. and D. R. Weisnet, 1981: New data base for climate studies. Nature, 289, 451-456.
Matsoukas, C., S. Islam, and I. Rodriguez-Iturbe, 2000: Detrended fluctuation analysis of rainfall and streamflow time series. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 29165.
Matsubara, M. and P. H. Alfredsson, 2001: Disturbance growth in boundary layers subjected to free-stream turbulence. J. Fluid Mech., 149.
Matsumoto, J. and T. Murakami, 2002: Seasonal Migration of Monsoons between the Northern and Southern Hemisphere as Revealed from Equatorially Symmetric and Asymmetric OLR Data. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 80, 419-437.
Matsumoto, T., P. Russell, C. Mina, W. v. Ark, and V. Banta, 1987: Airborne tracking sunphotometer. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 4, 336Ò3-39.
Matsuno, T., 1966: Numerical integration of the primitive equations by a simulated backward difference method. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 44, 76-84.
Matsuno, T., 1966: Numerical integrations of the primitive equations by a simulated backward difference method. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 44, 76-84.
Matsuno, T., 1966: A finite difference scheme for time integrations of oscillatory equations with second order accuracy and sharp cut-off for high frequencies. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 44, 85-88.
Matsuno, T., 1966: Quasi-geostrophic motions in equatorial ar-eas. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 2, 25-43.
Matsuno, T., 1966: Quasi-geostrophic motions in the equatorial area. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 44, 25-42.
Matsuno, T., 1970: Vertical propagation of stationary planetary waves in the winter Northern Hemisphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 27, 871-883.
Matsuo, T. and D. Furihata, 2001: Dissipative or Conservative Finite-Difference Schemes for Complex-Valued Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations. J. Comp. Phy., 171, 425-447.
Matthews, A. J., 2000: Propagation mechanisms for the Madden-Julian Oscillation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 2637.
Matthews, A. J. and G. N. Kiladis, 1999: The Tropical-Extratropical Interaction between High-Frequency Transients and the Madden-Julian Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 661-677.
Matthews, A. J. and J. Lander, 1999: Physical and Numerical Contributions to the Structure of Kelvin Wave-CISK Modes in a Spectral Transform Model. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 4050-4058.
Matthews, D. A., 1981: Observations of a cloud arc triggered thunderstorm outflow. Mon. Wea Rev., 109, 2140-2157.
Matthews, D. A., 1981: Natural variability of thermodynamic features affecting convective cloud growth and dynamic seeding: A comparative summary of three High Plains sites from 1975 to 1977. J. Appl. Meteor., 20, 971-996.
Mattner, T. W., P. N. Joubert, and M. S. Chong, 2002: Vortical flow. Part 1. Flow through a constant-diameter pipe. J. Fluid Mech., 463, 259-292.
Mattocks, C. and R. Bleck, 1986: Jet streak dynamics and geostrophic adjustment processes during the initial stages of lee cyclogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 2033-2056.
Matusov, P. A., L. A. Ostrovsky, and L. S. Tsimring, 1989: Amplification of small-scale turbulence by internal waves. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 307, 979-984.
Matuura, N., Y. Masuda, H. Inuki, S. Kato, S. Fukao, T. Sato, and T. Tsuda, 1986: Radio acoustic measurement of temperature profile in the troposphere and stratosphere. Nature, 333, 426-428.
Matveev, V., M. Peleg, D. Rosen, D. S. TovAlper, K. Hebestreit, J. Stutz, U. Platt, D. Blake, and M. Luria, 2001: Bromine oxide-ozone interaction over the Dead Sea (Paper 2000JD900611). J. Geophy. Res., 106, 10,375-10,388.
Matyasovszky, I., I. Bogardi, and L. Duckstein, 1994: Comparison of two general circulation models to downscale temperature and precipitation under climate change. Water Resour. Res., 30, 3437-3448.
Maud, A. D., 1961: End effects in fallingsphere viscometer. Br. J. Appl. Phys., 12, 293-295.
Maul, G. A., D. V. Hansen, and N. J. Bravo, 1992: A note on sea level variability at Clipperton Island from GEOSAT and insitu observations. Sea Level Changes: Determination and Effects. Geophys. Monogr., 69(11), IUGG.
Maul, G. A., D. A. Mayer, and S. R. Baig, 1985: Comparison between a continuous three-year current meter observation at the sill of the Yucatan Strait, satellite measurements of Gulf Loop Current area, and regional sea level. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 9089-9096.
Maul, G. A., P. W. Witt, A. Yanaway, and S. R. Baig, 1978: geostationary satellite observations of Gulf Stream meanders: In-frared measurements and time series analysis. J. Geophys. Res., 83, 6123-6135.
Mauritzen, C., 1993: A study of the large scale circulation and watermass formation in the Nordic seas and Arctic Ocean. Ph.D thesis. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 212.
Maury, M. F., 1833: On the navigation of Cape Horn. Amer. J. Sci. Arts, 26, 54-63.
Maury, M. F., 1845: Letter to Ann Maury (cousin), 12 Dec. 1845. Maury Collection. Manuscripts Div., Library of Congress, Washington.
Mavriplis, D. J., 2002: An Assessment of Linear Versus Nonlinear Multigrid Methods for Unstructured Mesh Solvers. J. Compu. Phy., 175, 302-325.
Maxey, M. B., 1987: The gravitational settling of aerosol particles in homogeneous turbulence and random flow fields. J. Fluid Mech., 174, 441-465.
Maxwell, J. B., 1980: The climate of the Canadian Arctic Islands and adjacent waters. Climatological Studies Rep. 30. Vol. 1, Environment Canada, Atmospheric Environment Service, Downsview, ON, Canada.
Maxwell-Garnett, J. C., 1904: Colors in metal glasses and in metallic films. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. A, 203.
Maxworthy, T., 1979: A note on the internal solitary waves produced by tidal flow over a three-dimensional topography. J. Geophys. Res., 84, 338-346.
Maxworthy, T., 1980: On the formation of nonlinear internal solitary waves from the gravitational collapse of mixed regions in two and three dimensions. J. Fluid Mech., 96, 47-64.
Maxworthy, T. and F. K. Browand, 1975: Experiment in rotating and stratified flows: Oceanographic applications. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 7, 273-305.
Maxworthy, T., J. Leilich, J. E. Simpson, and E. H. Meiburg, 2002: The propagation of a gravity current into a linearly stratified fluid. J. Fluid Mech., 453, 371-394.
Maxworthy, T. and S. Narimousa, 1994: Unsteady, turbulent convection into a homogeneous rotating fluid with oceanographic applications. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 865-887.
May, P. T., 1991: Recent developments and performance of radar wind profilers and RASS. Aust. Meteor. Mag., 39, 237-245.
May, P. T., 1999: Thermodynamic and Vertical Velocity Structure of Two Gust Fronts Observed with a Wind Profiler/RASS during MCTEX. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 1796-1807.
May, P. T., 2001: Mesocyclone and Microburst Signature Distortion with Dual PRT Radars. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 18, 1229-1233.
May, P. T., F. Cummings, J. Koutsovasilis, R. Jones, and D. Shaw, 2002: The Australian Bureau of Meteorology 1280-MHz Wind Profiler. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 19, 911-923.
May, P. T. and G. J. Holland, 1999: The Role of Potential Vorticity Generation in Tropical Cyclone Rainbands. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1224-1228.
May, P. T., G. J. Holland, and W. L. Ecklund, 1994: Wind profiler observations of tropical storm Flo at Saipan. Wea. Forecasting, 9, 410-426.
May, P. T., A. R. Jameson, T. D. Keenan, and P. E. Johnston, 2001: A Comparison between Polarimetric Radar and Wind Profiler Observations of Precipitation in Tropical Showers. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 1702-1717.
May, P. T., A. R. Jameson, T. D. Keenan, P. E. Johnston, and C. Lucas, 2002: Combined Wind Profiler/Polarimetric Radar Studies of the Vertical Motion and Microphysical Characteristics of Tropical Sea-Breeze Thunderstorms. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 2228-2239.
May, P. T., K. P. Moran, and R. G. Strauch, 1989: The accuracy of RASS temperature measurements. J. Appl. Meteor., 28, 1329-1335.
May, P. T. and D. K. Rajopadhyaya, 1996: Wind profiler observations of vertical motion and precipitation microphysics of a tropical squall line. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 621-633.
May, P. T. and D. K. Rajopadhyaya, 1999: Vertical Velocity Characteristics of Deep Convection over Darwin, Australia. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 1056-1071.
May, P. T., T. Sato, M. Yamamoto, S. Kato, T. Tsuda, and S. Fukao, 1989: Errors in the determination of wind speed with Doppler radars. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 6, 235-242.
May, P. T., R. G. Strauch, and K. P. Moran, 1988: The altitude coverage of temperature measurements using RASS with wind profiler radars. Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 1381-1384.
May, P. T., R. G. Strauch, K. P. Moran, and W. L. Ecklund, 1990: Temperature sounding by RASS with wind profiler radars: A preliminary study. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 28, 19-28.
May, P. T. and J. M. Wilczak, 1993: Diurnal and seasonal variations of boundary-layer structure observed with a radar wind profiler and RASS. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 673-682.
Mayer, D. A. and R. H. Weisberg, 1993: A description of COADS surface meteorological fields and the implied Sverdrup transports for the Atlantic Ocean from 307S to 607N. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 2201-2221.
Mayers, M., T. N. Krishnamurti, C. Depradine, and L. Moseley, 2001: Numerical weather prediction over the Eastern Caribbean using Florida State University (FSU) global and regional spectral models and multi-model/multi-analysis super-ensemble. Meteor. Atmos. Phy., 78, 75-88.
Mayfield, M., L. A. Avila, and E. N. Rappaport, 1994: The Atlantic hurricane season of 1992. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 517-538.
Mayfield, M. and M. B. Lawrence, 1991: Atlantic hurricane season of 1990. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 2014-2026.
Mayfield, M. and E. N. Rappaport, 1998: Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Season of 1996. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 3068-3076.
Maykut, G. A., 1978: Energy exchange over young sea ice in the central Arctic. J. Geophys. Res., 83, 3646-3658.
Maykut, G. A. and P. E. Church, 1973: Radiation climate of Barrow, Alaska 1962-1966. J. Appl. Meteor., 12, 620-628.
Maykut, G. A. and N. Untersteiner, 1971: Some results from a time-dependent thermodynamic model of sea ice. J. Geophys. Res., 76, 1550-1575.
Maynard, K., J. F. Royer, and F. Chauvin, 2002: Impact of greenhouse warming on the West African summer monsoon. Climate Dynamics, 19, 499-514.
Mayor, S. D. and E. W. Eloranta, 2001: Two-Dimensional Vector Wind Fields from Volume Imaging Lidar Data. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 1331-1346.
Mayor, S. D., R. L. Schwiesow, D. H. Lenschow, and C. L. Frush, 1995: Validation of radial velocity measurements from the NCAR Doppler lidar. Proc. Coherent Laser Radar '95, Key-stone, CO, Optical Society of America.
Mayor, S. D., P. R. Spalart, and G. J. Tripoli, 2002: Application of a Perturbation Recycling Method in the Large-Eddy Simulation of a Mesoscale Convective Internal Boundary Layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2385-2395.
Mazin, I. P., A. V. Korolev, and S. G. Cober, 2001: Thermodynamics of Icing Cylinder for Measurements of Liquid Water Content in Supercooled Clouds. J. Atmos. Ocean Tech., 18, 543.
Mazumder, S. and S. A. Lowry, 2001: The Treatment of Reacting Surfaces for Finite-Volume Schemes on Unstructured Meshes. J. Comput. Phy., 173, 512-526.
Mazzega, P. and M. Berge¥, 1994: Ocean tides in the Asian semienclosed seas from TOPEX/ POSEIDON. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 24867-24881.
McAdie, C. J., 1991: A comparison of tropical cyclone track forecasts produced by NHC90 and an alternate version (NHC90A) during the 1990 hurricane season. Preprints, 19th Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology. Miami, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc.
McAdie, C. J. and M. B. Lawrence, 1993: Longterm trends in National Hurricane Center track forecast errors in the Atlantic Basin. Preprints, 20th Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, San Antonio, TX.
McAfee, J. R., K. S. Gage, and R. G. Strauch, 1995: Vertical velocities at Platteville, Colorado: An intercomparison of simultane-ous measurements by the VHF and UHF profilers. Radio Sci., 30, 1027-1042.
McAnelly, C. J. T., 1989: A composite model of mesoscale convective complexes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 765-783.
McAnelly, R. L. and W. R. Conon, 1981: The meso-b scale structure and precipitation characteristics of middle-latitude mesoscale convective complexes. Preprints, Fourth Conf. on Hydrometeorology, Reno, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 81-87.
McAnelly, R. L. and W. R. Cotton, 1986: Meso-beta-scale characteristics of an episode of mesoalpha-scale convective complexes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 1740-1770.
McAnelly, R. L. and W. R. Cotton, 1989: The precipitation life cycle of mesoscale convective complexes over the central United States. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 784-808.
McAnelly, R. L., J. E. Nachamkin, W. R. Cotton, and M. E. Nicholls, 1997: Upscale Evolution of MCSs: Doppler Radar Analysis and Analytical Investigation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 1083-1110.
McArthur, A. J., 1990: An accurate solution to the Penman equation. Agric. For. Meteor., 51, 87-92.
McAvaney, B. J., W. Bourke, and K. Puri, 1978: A global spectral model for simulation of the general circulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 1557-1538.
McBain, G. D., 2001: Convection in a horizontally heated sphere. J. Fluid Mech., 438, 1-10.
McBean, G. A., 1973: Comparison of the turbulent transfer processes near the surface. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 4, 265-274.
McBean, G. A. and and, 1978: The energy budgets of the turbulent velocity components and the velocitypressure gradient interactions. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 1890-1899.
McBean, G. A. and J. A. Elliott, 1975: The vertical transports of kinetic energy by turbulence and pressure in the boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 753-766.
McBean, G. A. and M. Miyake, 1972: Turbulent transfer mechanisms in the atmospheric surface layer. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 98, 383-398.
McBride, J. L., 1981: An analysis of diagnostic cloud mass flux models. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1977-1990.
McBride, J. L., 1981: Observational analysis of tropical cyclone formation. Part III: Budget analysis. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1152-1166.
McBride, J. L., D. E. Davidson, K. Puri, and G. C. Tyrell, 1995: The flow during TOGA COARE as diagnosed by the BMRC tropical analysis and prediction system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 717-736.
McBride, J. L. and K. Fraedrich, 1995: CISK: A theory for the response of tropical convective complexes to variations in sea surface temperature. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 121, 783-796.
McBride, J. L. and W. M. Frank, 1991: Vertical profiles of cumulonimbus heating and drying in the tropics. Preprints, 19th Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Miami, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc. 241-244.
McBride, J. L. and W. M. Frank, 1998: Relationships between Stability and Monsoon Convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 24-36.
McBride, J. L. and W. M. Gray, 1980: Mass divergence and vertical velocity in tropical weather systems, Part I: Diurnal variation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 106, 501-516.
McBride, J. L., B. W. Gunn, G. J. Holland, T. D. Keenan, N. E. Davidson, and W. M. Frank, 1989: Time series of total heating and moistening over the Gulf of Carpentaria radiosonde array during AMEX. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 2701-2713.
McBride, J. L. and N. Nicholls, 1983: Seasonal relationships between Australian rainfall and the Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 1998-2004.
McBride, J. L. and R. Zehr, 1981: Observational analysis of tropical cyclone formation. Part II: Comparison of nondeveloping versus devel-oping systems. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1132-1151.
McCabe, G. J., M. P. Clark, and M. C. Serreze, 2001: Trends in Northern Hemisphere Surface Cyclone Frequency and Intensity. J. Climate, 14, 2763-2768.
McCabe, G. J. and D. R. Legates, 1992: General-circulation model simulations of winter and summer sea-level pressures over North America. Int. J. Climatol., 12, 815-827.
McCalpin, J. D., 1987: On the adjustment of azimuthally perturbed vortices. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 8213-8225.
McCalpin, J. D., 1988: A quantitative analysis of the dissipation inherent in semi-Lagrangian advection. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 2330-2336.
McCalpin, J. D., 1988: A quantitative analysis of the dissipation in-herent in semi-Lagrangian advection. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 2330-2336.
McCalpin, J. D., 1995: Rossby wave generation by poleward propagating Kelvin waves: The midlatitude, quasigeostrophic approximation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 1415-1425.
McCalpin, J. D., 1995: The statistics and sensitivity of a double-gyre model: The reduced-gravity, quasigeostrophic case. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 806-824.
McCann, D. W., 1983: The enhanced-V, a satellite observable severe storms signature. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 887-894.
McCann, D. W. and J. P. Whistler, 2001: Problems and solutions for drawing fronts objectively. Meteor. Appl., 8, 195-204.
McCarl, J. D. G., R. B. Curry, J. W. Jones, K. J. Boote, and L. H. A. Jr., 1990: Global climate change and U.S. agriculture. Nature, 345(6272), 219-224.
McCarthy, D. H., 2002: The Role of Ground-Truth Reports in the Warning Decision-Making Process during the 3 May 1999 Oklahoma Tornado Outbreak. Wea. Forecasting, 17, 647-649.
McCarthy, J. and S. E. Koch, 1982: The evolution of an Oklahoma dryline. Part I: A mesoand subsynoptie-seale analysis. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 225-236.
McCarthy, J. and R. Serafin, 1984: The microburst: Hazard to aviation. Weatherwise, 37, 120-127.
McCarthy, J., J. W. Wilson, and T. T. Fujita, 1982: The joint airport weather studies project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 63, 15-22.
McCartney, B. S. and B. M. Bary, 1965: Echo-sounding on probable gas bubbles from the bottom of Saanich Inlet, British Co-lumbia. Deep-Sea Res., 12, 285-294.
McCartney, E. J., 1976: Optics of the Atmosphere. John Wiley , Sons, 408.
McCartney, M. S., 1976: The interaction of the zonal currents with topography with application to the Southern Ocean. Deep-Sea Res., 23, 413-427.
McCartney, M. S., 1977: Subantarctic mode water. A Voyage of discovery. Deep-Sea Res., 24(Suppl.), 103-119.
McCartney, M. S., 1982: The subtropical recirculation of Mode Water. J. Mar. Res., 40(Suppl.), 427-464.
McCartney, M. S., 1992: Recirculating components to the deep boundary current of the northern North Atlantic. Progress in Oceanography. Vol. 29, Pergamon, 283-383.
McCartney, M. S., 1993: Crossing of the equator by the deep western boundary current in the western Atlantic Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 1953-1974.
McCartney, M. S., S. L. Bennett, and M. E. W.-. and, 1991: Eastward flow through the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 11 N and its influence on the abyss of the eastern basin. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 1089-1129.
McCartney, M. S., S. L. Bennett, and M. E. W. and, 1991: Eastward flow through the mid-Atlantic Ridge at 117N and its influence on the abyss of the eastern basin. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 1089-1121.
McCartney, M. S. and R. A. Curry, 1993: Trans-equatorial flow of Antarctic Bottom Water in the western Atlantic Ocean: Abyssal geostrophy at the equator. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 1264-1276.
McCartney, M. S. and L. D. Talley, 1982: The subpolar mode water of the North Atlantic Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 12, 1169-1188.
McCartney, M. S. and L. D. Talley, 1984: Warm-to-cold water conversion in the northern North Atlantic Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 14, 922-935.
McCartney, M. S. and M. E. Woodgate-Jones, 1991: A deep-reaching anticyclonic eddy in the subtropical gyre of the eastern Atlantic. Deep-Sea Res., 38, S411-S4-43.
McCarty, M. E. and M. J. McPhaden, 1993: Mean seasonal cycles and interannual variations at 07, 1657E during 1986-1992. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL-PMEL-98, 64.
McCaughey, J. H., 1987: The albedo of a mature mixed forest and a clear-cut site at Petawawa, Ontario. Agric. For. Meteor., 40, 251-263.
McCaul, E. W., 1991: Buoyancy and shear characteristics of hurricane tornado environments. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 1954-1978.
McCaul, E. W. and D. O. Blanchard, 1990: A lowprecipitation cumulonimbus along the dryline in Colorado. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 2768-2773.
McCaul, E. W., D. E. Buechler, S. Hodanish, and S. J. Goodman, 2002: The Almena, Kansas, Tornadic Storm of 3 June 1999: A Long-Lived Supercell with Very Little Cloud-to-Ground Lightning. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 407-415.
McCaul, E. W. and C. Cohen, 2002: The Impact on Simulated Storm Structure and Intensity of Variations in the Mixed Layer and Moist Layer Depths. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 1722-1748.
McCaul, E. W. and Jr., 1987: Observations of the Hurricane ''Danny'' tornado outbreak of 16 August 1985. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1206-1223.
McCaul, E. W. and Jr., 1990: Simulations of convective storms in hurricane environments. Preprints, 16th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Kananaskis Park, AB, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 334-339.
McCaul, E. W. and Jr., 1991: Buoyancy and shear characteristics of hurricane tornado environments. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 1954-1978.
McCaul, E. W., Jr., and D. O. Blanchard, 1990: A low-precipitation cumulonimbus along the dryline in Colorado. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 2768-2773.
McCaul, E. W., Jr., H. B. Bluestein, and R. J. Doviak, 1986: Airborne Doppler lidar techniques for observing severe thunderstorms. Appl. Opt., 25, 698-708.
McCaul, E. W., K. R. Knupp, and W. L. Snell, 1993: Observations of tornadic storms and rainbands within Hurricane Andrew's remnants. Preprints, 17th Conf. Severe Local Storms, St. Louis, MO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 272-276.
McCaul, E. W. and M. L. Weisman, 2001: The Sensitivity of Simulated Supercell Structure and Intensity to Variations in the Shapes of Environmental Buoyancy and Shear Profiles. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 664-687.
McCaul Jr, E. W. and M. L. Weisman, 2001: The Sensitivity of Simulated Supercell Structure and Intensity to Variations in the Shapes of Environmental Buoyancy and Shear Profiles. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 664.
McClain, C. R. and Coauthors, 1994: Case studies for SeaWiFS calibration and validation. Part 2. NASA Tech Memo 104566. Vol. 19, NASA/ Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt.
McClain, E. P., 1960: Some effects of the western Cordillera of North America on cyclonic activity. J. Meteor., 17, 104-115.
McClain, E. P., 1989: Global sea surface temperatures and cloud clearing for aerosol optical depth estimates. Int. J. Remote Sens., 10, 763-769.
McClain, E. P., W. G. Pichel, and C. C. Walton, 1985: Comparative performance of AVHRR-based multichannel sea surface temperature. J. Geophys. Res., 90(C6), 11587-11601.
McClain, E. P., W. G. Pichel, and C. C. Walton, 1985: Comparative performance of AVHRR-based multichannel sea surface temperatures. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 701-721.
McClain, E. P., C. C. Walton, and L. L. Stowe, 1990: CLAVR cloud/ clear algorithms and nonlinear atmospheric corrections for multichannel sea surface temperatures. Preprints, Fifth Conf. on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, London, England, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 133-138.
McClatchey, R. A., R. W. Fenn, J. E. A. Selby, F. E. Volz, and J. S. Garing, 1972: Optical properties of the atmosphere. AFCRL-720497. Environmental Research Papers, 411.
McCleese, D. J. and L. S. Wilson, 1976: Cloud top height from temperature sounding instruments. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 102, 781-790.
McClelland, L., D. Lescinsky, and M. Slaboda, 1991: Pinatubo. Bull. Global Volc. Net., 16, 2-8.
McCollum, D. M., R. A. Maddox, and K. W. Howard, 1995: Case study of a severe mesoscale convective system in central Ari-zona. Wea. Forecasting, 10, 643-665.
McComas, C. H. and M. G. Briscoe, 1980: Bispectra of internal waves. J. Fluid Mech., 97, 205-213.
McConnell, A. and G. R. North, 1987: Sampling errors in satellite estimates of tropical rain. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 9567-9570.
McCorcle, M. D., 1988: Simulation of surface-moisture effects on the Great Plains low-level jet. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 1705-1720.
McCord, T. B., M. P. Charette, T. V. Johnson, L. A. Lebofsky, and C. Pieters, 1972: Lunar spectral types. J. Geophys. Res., 77, 1349-1359.
McCord, T. B. and R. N. Clark, 1979: Atmospheric extinction 0.65-2.50 microns above Mauna Kea. Astron. Soc. Pac. 91, 571-576.
McCord, T. B., R. N. Clark, B. R. Hawke, L. A. McFadden, P. D. Owensby, C. M. Pieters, and J. B. Adams, 1981: Moon: Near-infrared spectral reflectance. A first good look. J. Geophys. Res., 86, 10883-10892.
McCord, T. B. and T. V. Johnson, 1970: Lunar spectral reflectivity (.3 to 2.5 microns) and implications for remote mineralogical analysis. Science, 169, 855-858.
McCormick, M. P. and E. W. Chiou, 1994: Climatology of water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere determined from SAGE II observations. Preprints, 5th Symp. on Global Change Studies, Amer. Meteor. Soc., Nashville, 213-215.
McCormick, M. P. and C. R. Trepte, 1987: Polar stratospheric optical depth observed between 1978 and 1985. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 4297-4306.
McCormick, M. P. and R. E. Veiga, 1992: SAGE II measurements of early Pinatubo aerosols. Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 155-158.
McCormick, M. P., J. M. Zawodny, R. E. Viega, J. C. Larson, and P. H. Wang, 1989: An overview of SAGE I and II ozone measurements. Planet. Space Sci. 37, 1567-1586.
McCorquodale, P., P. Colella, and H. Johansen, 2001: A Cartesian Grid Embedded Boundary Method for the Heat Equation on Irregular Domains. J. Comput. Phy., 173, 620-635.
McCracken, M. C., R. D. Cess, and G. L. Potter, 1986: Climatic effects of anthropogenic arctic aerosols: An illustration of climatic feedback mechanisms with oneand two-dimensional climate models. J. Geophys. Res., 91, 14455-14450.
McCreary, J., 1976: Eastern tropical ocean response to a changing wind system: With application to El Ninòo. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 6, 632-645.
McCreary, J., 1981: A linear stratified ocean model of the equatorial undercurrent. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. A, 298.
McCreary, J. and P. Kundu, 1988: A numerical investigation of Somali Current during Southwest Monsoon. J. Mar. Res., 46, 25-58.
McCreary, J., P. Kundu, and R. Molinari, 1993: A numerical investigation of dynamics. thermodynamics, and mixed-layer physics in the Indian Ocean. Progress in Oceanography, Vol. 31.
McCreary, J. P., 1981: A linear, stratified, ocean model of the equatorial undercurrent. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. A, 298.
McCreary, J. P., 1983: A model of tropical ocean-atmosphere interaction. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 370-387.
McCreary, J. P., 1984: Equatorial beams. J. Mar. Res., 42, 395-430.
McCreary, J. P. and D. L. T. Anderson, 1991: An overview of coupled ocean-atmosphere models of El Ninò o and the Southern Oscillation. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 3125-3150.
McCreary, J. P. and D. L. T. A. E, 1984: A simple model of El Ninò o and the Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 934-946.
McCreary, J. P. and P. K. Kundu, 1989: A numerical investigation of sea surface temperature variability in the Arabian Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 16097-16114.
McCreary, J. P., P. K. Kundu, and R. L. Molinari, 1993: A numerical investigation of dynamics, thermodynamics and mixed-layer processes in the Indian Ocean. Progress in Oceanography. Vol. 31, Pergamon, 181-244.
McCreary, J. P., H. S. Lee, and D. B. Enfield, 1989: The response of the coastal ocean to strong offshore winds: With application to circulations in the Gulfs of Tehuantepec and Papagayo. J. Mar. Res., 47, 81-109.
McCreary, J. P. and P. Lu, 1994: Interactions between the subtropical and equatorial circulations. The subtropical cell. J. Geophys. Res., 24, 466-497.
McCreary, J. P. and Z. Yu, 1992: Equatorial dynamics in a 21 /2-layer model. Progress in Oceanography. Vol. 29, Pergamon, 61-132.
McCreary Jr., G. A. M., K. Mizuno, R. R. Rao, S. R. Shetye, J. H. Toole, and S. Wacongne, 1995: The role of the Indian Ocean in the global climate system: Recommendations regarding the global ocean observing system. Ocean Observing System Development Panel Rep. Texas A,M University, College Station, TX.
McCue, S. W. and L. K. Forbes, 2002: Free-surface flows emerging from beneath a semi-infinite plate with constant vorticity. J. Fluid Mech., 461, 387-407.
McCullough, J. R., 1964: A photoelectric search for ultra-short-pe-riod variable stars. Astron. J., 69, 251-254.
McCumber, M., W.-K. Tao, and J. Simpson, 1991: Comparison of ice-phase microphysical parameterization schemes using numerical simulations of tropical convection. J. Appl. Meteor., 30, 985-1004.
McCumber, M. C., 1980: A numerical simulation of the influence of heat and moisture fluxes upon mesoscale circulations. Rep. UVA-ENV SCI-MESO-1980-2, Dept. of Environmental Sci., Univer. of Virginia. 255pp.
McCumber, M. C. and R. A. Pielke, 1981: Simulation of the effects of surface fluxes of heat and moisture in a mesoscale numerical model. Part I: Soil layer. J. Geophys. Res., 86, 9929-9938.
McCutchan, M. H., B. N. Meisner, F. M. Fujioka, J. W. Benoit, and B. Ly, 1991: Monthly fire weather forecasts. Fire Manage. Notes USDA For. Serv., 52, No. 2.
McDermott, D. A. and E. Sarachik, 1996: Thermohaline circulations and variability in a two-hemisphere sector model of the Atlantic. The Natural Variability of the Climate System on Decade-to-Century Time Scales. D. G. Martinson and Coeditors, National Academy Press, in press.
McDonald, A., 1984: Accuracy of multiple-sustream, semi-Lagangian advective schemes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 1267-1275.
McDonald, A., 1984: Accuracy of multiply-upstream, semi-Lagrangian advective schemes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 1267-1275.
McDonald, A., 1987: Accuracy of multiply-upstream, semi-Lagrangian advective scheme II. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1446-1450.
McDonald, A., 1994: Using second. fourth, and sixth order implicit horizontal diffusion to control noise in three dimensional semi-Lagrangian, semi-implicit.
McDonald, A., 1999: An Examination of Alternative Extrapolations to Find the Departure Point Position in a "Two-Time-Level" Semi-Lagrangian Integration. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 1985-1993.
McDonald, A., 2000: Boundary Conditions for Semi-Lagrangian Schemes: Testing Some Alternatives in One-Dimensional Models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 4084.
McDonald, A., 2002: A Step toward Transparent Boundary Conditions for Meteorological Models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 140-151.
McDonald, A. and and, 1993: A two-time-level, three-dimensional semi-Lagrangian and semi-implicit gridpoint model. Part II: Extension to hybrid coordinates. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 2077-2087.
McDonald, A. and J. R. Bates, 1989: Semi-Lagrangian integration of a grid-point shallow water model on the sphere. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 130-137.
McDonald, A. and J. E. Haugen, 1992: A two time-level, three-dimensional semi-Lagrangian, semi-implicit, limited-area grid-point model of the primitive equations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 2603-2621.
McDonald, A. and J. E. Haugen, 1992: A two-time-level, three-dimensional semi-Lagrangian, semi-implicit, limited-area, gridpoint model of the primitive equations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 2603-2621.
McDonald, J., 1960: Direct absorption of solar radiation by atmospheric water vapor. J. Meteor., 17, 319-328.
McDonald, J. E., 1960: Direct absorption of solar radiation by atmospheric water vapour. J. Meteor., 17, 319-328.
McDonald, K., 1991: Many female astronomers say they face sex harassment and bias. Chron. Higher Educ., 37, A11-A1-5.
Mcdonald, N. R. and J. Imberger, 1992: Withdrawal of a stratified fluid from a rotating channel. J. Fluid Mech., 235, 643-664.
McDougall, T. J., 1987: Neutral surfaces. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 1950-1964.
McDougall, T. J., 1987: Thermobaricity, cabbeling, and water-mass conversion. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 5448-5464.
McDougall, T. J. and and, 1996: Potential enthalpy and modified potential temperature:.
McDougall, T. J. and J. A. Church, 1986: Pitfalls with the numerical representation of isopycnal and diapycnal mixing. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 16, 196-199.
McDougall, T. J. and C. J. R. Garrett, 1992: Scalar conservation equations in a turbulent ocean. Deep-Sea Res., 39, 1953-1966.
McDougall, T. J. and D. R. Jackett, 1988: On the helical nature of neutral trajectories in the ocean. Progress in Oceanography. Vol. 20, Pergamon, 153-183.
McDougall, T. J. and P. C. McIntosh, 1996: The temporal-residual-mean velocity. Part I: Derivation and the scalar conservation equations. J. Phys. Oceanogr., in press.
McDowell, S., P. Rhines, and T. Keffer, 1982: North Atlantic potential vorticity and its relation to the general circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 12, 1417-1436.
McElroy, J. L., 1969: A comparative study of urban and rural dispersion. J. Appl. Meteor., 8, 19-31.
McElroy, J. L. and T. B. Smith, 1992: Creation and fate of ozone layers aloft in southern California. Atmos. Environ., 26, 1917-1929.
McEwan, A. D., 1973: Interactions between internal gravity waves and their traumatic effect on a continuous stratification. Bound-Layer Meteor. 5, 159-175.
McFarlane, N. A., 1987: The effect of orographically excited gravity-wave drag on the general circulation of the lower stratosphere and troposphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 1775-1800.
McFarlane, N. A., G. J. Boer, J.-P. Blanchet, and M. Lazare, 1992: The Canadian Climate Center second generation general circulation model and its equilibrium climate. J. Climate, 5, 1013-1044.
McFarlane, N. A., C. Girard, and D. W. Shantz, 1987: Reduction of systematic errors in NWP and general circulation models by parameterized gravity-wave drag. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, (special volume for the WMO/ IUGG NWP Symp.), 713-728.
McFarquhar, G. M., 1989: Drop size distributions in pulsating warm rain shafts. M.S. thesis, Department of Physics, University of Toronto.
McFarquhar, G. M. and and, 1991: The raindrop mean free path and collision rate dependence on rainrate for three-peak equilibrium and Marshall -Palmer distributions. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1999-2003.
McFarquhar, G. M. and and, 1993: The effect of curve fits for the disdrometer calibration on raindrop spectra, rainfall rate, and radar reflectivity. J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 774-782.
McFarquhar, G. M. and A. J. Heymsfield, 1996: Microphysical characteristics of three anvils sampled during the Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment (CEPEX). J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2401-2423.
McFarquhar, G. M. and A. J. Heymsfield, 1997: Parameterization of Tropical Cirrus Ice Crystal Size Distributions and Implications for Radiative Transfer: Results from CEPEX. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 2187-2200.
McFarquhar, G. M. and A. J. Heymsfield, 1998: The Definition and Significance of an Effective Radius for Ice Clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2039-2052.
McFarquhar, G. M. and R. List, 1991: The evolution of three-peak raindrop size distributions in one-dimensional shaft models. Part II: Multiple pulse rain. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1587-1595.
McFarquhar, G. M., P. Yang, A. Macke, and A. J. Baran, 2002: A New Parameterization of Single Scattering Solar Radiative Properties for Tropical Anvils Using Observed Ice Crystal Size and Shape Distributions. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2458-2478.
McGaughey, G., E. R. Toracinta, E. J. Zipser, and R. E. Orville, 1996: A comparison of WSR-88D reflectivities, SSM/I brightness temperatures, and lightning for mesoscale convective systems in Texas. Part II: SSM/I brightness temperatures and lightning. J. Appl. Meteor., 35, 919-931.
McGaughey, G., E. J. Zipser, R. W. Spencer, and R. E. Hood, 1996: High-resolution passive microwave observations of convective systems over the tropical Pacific Ocean. J. Appl. Meteor., in.
McGaughey, G. R. and E. J. Zipser, 1996: Passive microwave observations of the stratiform regions of two tropical oceanic mesoscale convective systems. J. Appl. Meteor., 35, 1949-1962.
McGaughey, G. R., E. J. Zipser, R. W. Spencer, and R. E. Hood, 1996: High-resolution passive microwave observations of convective systems over the tropical Pacific Ocean. J. Appl. Meteor., 35, in press.
McGinley, J., 1982: A diagnosis of Alpine lee cyclogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 1271-1287.
McGinley, J. A., 1984: Meteorological analysis using the calculus of variations (variational analysis). Rev. Meteor. Aeronaut., XLIV, 37-44.
McGinley, J. A., 1989: The local analysis and prediction system. Proc. 12th Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting, Monterey, CA.
McGinley, J. A., 1995: Opportunities for high resolution data analysis, prediction, and product dissemination within the local weather office. Preprints, 14th Conf. on Weather Analysis and Forecasting, Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 478-485.
McGinley, J. A., S. Albers, and P. Stamus, 1991: Validation of a composite convective index as defined by a real-time local analysis system. Wea. Forecasting, 6, 337-356.
McGinnigle, J. B., M. V. Young, and M. J. Bader, 1988: The development of instant occlusions in thF North Atlantic. Meteor. Mag., 117, 325-341.
McGowan, H. A., A. P. Sturman, M. Kossmann, and P. ZawarReza, 2002: Observations of foehn onset in the Southern Alps, New Zealand. Meteor. Atmos. Phy., 79, 215-230.
McGowan, J. A. and T. L. Hayward, 1978: Mixing and oceanic productivity. Deep-Sea Res., 25, 771-793.
McGrath, A. and T. Hewison, 2001: Measuring the Accuracy of MARSS-An Airborne Microwave Radiometer. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 18, 2003-2012.
McGrattan, G. J., 1967: A suggested test of a theory of atmospheric turbulence. Planet. Space Sci., 15, 811-812.
McGregor, J. L., 1993: Economical determination of departure points for semi-Lagrangian models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 221-230.
McGregor, J. L., 1996: Semi-Lagrangian advection on a cubic gnomonic projection.
McGregor, J. L. and F. Kimura, 1989: Numerical simulation of mesoscale eddies over Melbourne. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 50-66.
McGregor, J. L. and K. Walsh, 1993: Nested simulations of perpet-ual January climate over the Australian region. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 23283-23290.
McGuffie, K., R. G. Barry, A. Schweiger, D. A. Robinson, and J. Newell, 1988: Intercomparison of satellitederived cloud analyses for the Arctic Ocean in spring and summer. Int. J. Remote Sens., 9, 447-467.
McGuffie, K. and A. Henderson-Sellers, 1988: Is Canadian cloudiness increasing? Atmos.-Ocean, 26, 608-633.
McGuire, E. L., 1960: The vertical structure of three drylines as revealed by aircraft traverses. Paper presented at First Con; on Severe Local Storms, Kansas City, MO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 11.
McGuire, E. L., 1960: The vertical structure of three drylines as revealed by aircraft traverses. Paper presented at First Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Kansas City, MO. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 11.
McGuirk, J. P., 1993: Impact of increased TOVS signal on the NMC Global Spectral Model: A tropical-plume case study. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 695-712.
McGuirk, J. P., A. H. Thompson, and L. L. A. J., 1989: Synoptic scale moisture variation over the tropical Pacific Ocean. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1076-1091.
McGuirk, J. P., A. H. Thompson, and J. R. Schaefer, 1988: An eastern Pacific tropical plume. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 2505-2521.
McGuirk, J. P., A. H. Thompson, and N. R. Smith, 1987: Moisture bursts over the tropical Pacific Ocean. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 787-798.
McGuirk, J. P. and D. Ulsh, 1990: Evolution of tropical plumes in VAS water vapor imagery. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1758-1766.
McHugh, M. J. and J. C. Rogers, 2001: North Atlantic Oscillation Influence on Precipitation Variability around the Southeast African Convergence Zone. J. Clim., 14, 3631-3642.
McInnes, K. L. and and, 1995: Life cycles of summertime Arctic stratus clouds. Preprints, Fourth Conf. on Polar Meteorology and Oceanography. Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., (J12)1(J12)-3.
McInnes, K. L. and J. A. Curry, 1995: Modeling the mean and turbulent structure of the summertime Arctic cloudy boundary layer. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 73, 125-143.
McInnes, K. L. and G. D. Hess, 1992: Modifications to the Austra-lian region limited area model and their impact on an east coast low event. Aust. Meteor. Mag., 40, 21-31.
McInnes, K. L. and G. D. Hubbert, 2001: The impact of eastern Australian cut-off lows on coastal sea levels. Meteor. Appl., 8, 229-244.
McInnes, K. L., G. D. Hubbert, D. J. Abbs, and S. E. Oliver, 2002: A numerical modelling study of coastal flooding. Meteor. Atmos. Phy., 80, 217-232.
McInnes, K. L., L. M. Leslie, and J. L. McBride, 1992: Numerical simulation of cut-off lows on the Australian east coast: Sensitivity to seasurface temperature. Int. J. Climate, 12, 783-795.
McIntosh, P., 1990: Oceanographic data interpolation: Objective analysis and splines. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 13529-13541.
McIntosh, P. C. and G. D. Hubbert, 1992: Ocean winds for marine modeling. Aust. Meteor. Mag., 40, 61-69.
McIntosh, P. C., McDougall, and T. J., 1996: Isopycnal averaging and the residual mean circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., in press.
McIntyre, M., 1988: The dynamical significance of isentropic distributions of potential vorticity and low-level distributions of potential temperature. Proc. The Nature and Prediction of Extratropical Weather Systems, Reading, United Kingdom.
McIntyre, M., 2001: Obituary Rupert Ford. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 1489-1490.
McIntyre, M. E., 1980: An introduction to the generalized Lagrangianmean description of wave, mean-flow interaction. Pure Appl. Geophys., 118, 152-176.
McIntyre, M. E., 1981: On the ''wave momentum'' myth. J. Fluid Mech., 106, 331-347.
McIntyre, M. E., 1982: How well do we understand the dynamics of stratospheric warmings? J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 60, 37-65.
McIntyre, M. E., 1989: On the Antarctic ozone hole. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 51, 29-43.
McIntyre, M. E., 1993: On the role of wave propagation and wave breaking in atmosphere-ocean dynamics. Proc. XVIII Int. Congress on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Haifa, Israel.
McIntyre, M. E., 1995: The stratospheric polar vortex and sub-vortex: fluid dynamics and midlatitude ozone loss. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 352, 227-240.
McIntyre, M. E. and and, 1984: The ''surf zone'' in the stratosphere. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 46, 825-849.
McIntyre, M. E. and and, 1985: A note on the general concept of wave breaking for Rossby and gravity waves. Pure Appl. Geophys., 123, 964-975.
McIntyre, M. E. and W. A. Norton, 1990: Dissipative wave-mean interactions and the transport of vorticity or potential vorticity. J. Fluid Mech., 212, 403-435; Corrigendum.
McIntyre, M. E. and T. N. Palmer, 1983: Breaking planetary waves in the stratosphere. Nature, 305, 593-599.
McIntyre, M. E. and T. N. Palmer, 1984: The ''surf zone'' in the stratosphere. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 46, 825-849.
McIntyre, M. E. and T. G. Shepherd, 1987: An exact local conservation theorem for finite-amplitude disturbances to nonparallel shear flows, with remarks on Hamiltonian structure and on Arnol'd's stability theorems. J. Fluid Mech., 181, 527-565.
McIntyre, M. E. and M. A. Weissman, 1978: On radiating instabilities and resonant over-reflection. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 1190-1196.
McKay, D. C. and G. W. Thurtell, 1978: Measurements of the energy fluxes involved in the energy budget of a snow cover. J. Appl. Meteor., 17, 339-349.
McKay, G. A. and H. Thompson, 1968: Snowcover in the prairie provinces of Canada. Trans. Amer. Soc. Agric. Eng., 11(6), 812-815.
McKay, G. A. and H. A. Thompson, 1969: Estimating the hazard of ice accretion in Canada from climatological data. J. Appl. Meteor., 8, 927-935.
McKee, T. B., D. C. Bader, and K. Hansen, 1983: Synoptie influence of urban circulation. AMS/EPA Speeialty Conference on Air Quality Modeling of the Nonstationary, Nonhomogeneous Urban Boundary Layer, AMS.
McKee, T. B. and S. K. Cox, 1974: Scattering of visible radiation by finite clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 1885-1892.
McKee, T. B. and J. T. Klehr, 1978: Effects of cloud shape on scattered solar radiation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 399-404.
McKee, W. D., 1987: Water wave propagation across a shearing cur-rent. Wave Motion. 9, 209-215.
McKee, W. D. and F. Tesoriero, 1987: Reflection of water waves from a vertical vortex sheet in water of finite depth. J. Aust. Math. Soc. Ser. B, 29, 127-141.
McKendry, I. G., A. P. Sturman, and I. F. Owens, 1986: A study of interactiong multi-scale wind systems, Canterbury Plains, New Zealand. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 35, 242-252.
McKenzie, R. L., 1991: Application of a simple model to calculate latitudinal and hemispheric differences in ultraviolet radiation. Weather and Climate. 11, 3-14.
McKenzie, R. L., 1994: UV spectral irradiance measurements in New Zealand: Effects of Pinatubo volcanic aerosol. Proc. Quadrennial Ozone Symp. Charlottesville, VA, NASA CP-3266.
McKenzie, R. L., P. V. Johnston, M. Kotkamp, A. Bittar, and J. D. Hamlin, 1992: Solar ultraviolet spectroradiometry in New Zealand: Instrumentation and sample results from 1990. Appl. Opt., 31, 6501-6509.
McKenzie, R. L., M. Kotmap, G. Seckmeyer, R. Erb, C. R. Roy, H. P. Gies, and S. J. Toomey, 1993: First southern hemisphere intercomparison of solar UV spectra. Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 2223-2226.
McKenzie, R. L., W. A. Matthews, and P. V. Johnston, 1991: The relationship between erythemal UV and ozone. derived from spectral irradiance measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18.
McLandress, C. and N. A. McFarlane, 1993: Interactions between orographic gravity wave drag and forced planetary waves in the winter Northern Hemisphere middle atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1966-1990.
McLandress, C. and W. E. Ward, 1994: Tidal/ gravity wave interactions and their influence on the large-scale dynamics of the middle Atmosphere: Model results. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 8139-8155.
McLaughlin, S. B., 1985: Effects of air pollution on forests: A critical review. J. Air Poll. Cont. Assoc., 35, 512-534.
McLay, J. G. and J. E. Martin, 2002: Surface Cyclolysis in the North Pacific Ocean, Part III: Composite Local Energetics of Tropospheric-Deep Cyclone Decay Associated with Rapid Surface Cyclolysis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 2507-2529.
McLean, J. W., 1982: Instabilities of finite-amplitude gravity waves on water of finite depth. J. Fluid Mech., 114, 331-341.
McLoskey, R. T., J. M. King, L. Cortelezzi, and A. R. Karagozian, 2002: The actively controlled jet in crossflow. J. Fluid Mech., 452, 325-336.
McMahon, R. M., R. Aguilar, V. Valderrama, and P. J. A. Burt, 2002: An operational method for forecasting total column ozone for Punta Atenas, Chile. Meteor. Appl., 9, 327-334.
McMillan, O. J. and J. H. Ferziger, 1979: Direct testing of subgrid-scale models. AIAA J., 17, 1340-1346.
McMillen, R. T., 1986: A BASIC program for eddy correlation in nonsimple terrain. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL ARL-147.
McMillin, L., M. Uddstrom, and A. Coletti, 1992: A procedure for correcting radiosonde report for radiation errors. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 9, 801-811.
McMillin, L. M., L. J. Crone, and D. S. Crosby, 1989: Adjusting satellite radiances by regression with an orthogonal transformation to a prior estimate. J. Appl. Meteor., 28, 969-975.
McMillin, L. M. and C. Dean, 1982: Evaluation of a new operational technique for producing clear radiances. J. Appl. Meteor., 21, 1005-1014.
McMillin, L. M., S.-S. Zhou, and S.-K. Yang, 1994: An improved cloud retrieval algorithm using HIRS2-MSU radiance measurements. J. Appl. Meteor., 33, 195-211.
McMurdie, L. A. and and, 1991: Satellitederived integrated water vapor distribution in oceanic midlatitude storms: Variation with region and season. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 589-605.
McMurdie, L. A. and K. B. Katsaros, 1985: Atmospheric water distribution in a midlatitude cyclone observed by the Seasat Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 584-598.
McMurdie, L. A., G. Levy, and K. B. Katsaros, 1987: On the relationship between scatterometerderived convergences and Atmospheric moisture. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1281-1294.
McMurry, P. H. and D. J. Rader, 1985: Aerosol wall losses in electricallycharged chambers. Aerosol Sci. Technol., 4, 249-268.
McNab, A., 1989: Climate and drought. Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 70, 873ff.
McNab, A. L. and A. K. Betts, 1978: A mesoscale budget study of cumulus convection. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 1317-1331.
McNally, A. P., J. C. Derber, and B. B. Katz, 2000: The use of TOVS level-1b radiances in the NCEP SSI analysis system. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 689.
McNaughton, K. G. and Y. Brunet, 2002: Townsend's Hypothesis, Coherent Structures and Monin-Obukhov Similarity. Bound. Layer Meteor., 102, 161-175.
McNaughton, K. G. and B. J. J. M. v. d. Hurk, 1995: A 'Lagrangian' revision of the resistors in the two-layer model for calculating the energy budget of a plant canopy. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 74, 261-288.
McNeil, C. L. and D. M. Farmer, 1995: Observations of the influence of diurnal convection on upper ocean dissolved gas measurements. J. Mar. Res., 53, 151-169.
McNider, R. T., 1982: A note on velocity fluetuations in drainage flows. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 1658-1660.
McNider, R. T., 1983: Transport and diffusion models for the urban boundary layer. AMS/EPA Specialty Conferenee on Air Quality Modeling of the Nonstationary, Nonhomogeneous Urban Boundary Layer, AMS.
McNider, R. T. and and, 1984: Numerical simulation of slope and mountain flows. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 23, 1441-1453.
McNider, R. T., M. D. Moran, and R. A. Pielke, 1988: Influence of diurnal and inertial boundary-layer oscillations in long-range dispersion. Atmos. Environ., 22, 2445-2462.
McNider, R. T. and R. A. Pielke, 1981: Diurnal boundary-lay development over sloping terrain. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 2198-221.
McNider, R. T. and R. A. Pielke, 1981: Diurnal boundary layer development over sloping terrain. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 2198-2212.
McNider, R. T. and R. A. Pielke, 1981: Diurnal boundary-layer development over sloping terrain. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 2198-2212.
McNider, R. T., M. P. Singh, and J. T. Lin, 1993: Diurnal wind-structure variations and dispersion of pollutants in the boundary layer. Atmos. Environ., 27A, 2199-2214.
McNulty, R. P., 1978: On upper tropospheric kinematics and severe weather occurrence. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 662-672.
McPeters, R. E., D. F. Heath, and P. K. Bhartia, 1984: Average ozone profiles for 1979 from the NIMBUS 7 SBUV instrument. J. Geophys. Res., 89, 5199-5214.
McPhaden, M., F. Bahr, Y. duPenhoat, E. Firing, S. Hayes, P. Niiler, P. Richardson, and J. Toole, 1992: The response of the western equatorial Pacific Ocean to westerly wind bursts during November 1989 and January 1990. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 14289-14303.
McPhaden, M. and M. McCarty, 1992: Mean seasonal cycle and interannual variations at 07, 1107Wand 07, 1407Wduring 19801991. NOAA Tech. Memo., ERL PMEL-95, 20-24.
McPhaden, M. and M. McCarty, 1992: Mean seasonal cycles and interannual variations at 0,110W and 0,140W during 1980-1991. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL PMEL-95, NOAA, Washington.
McPhaden, M. and J. Picaut, 1990: El Ninòo-Southern Oscillation displacements of the western equatorial Pacific warm pool. Science, 250, 1385-1388.
McPhaden, M. J., 1982: Variability in the central equatorial Indian Ocean. Part I: Ocean dynamics. J. Mar. Res., 40, 157-176.
McPhaden, M. J., 1993: TOGA-TAO and the 1991-1993 El NinòoSouthern Oscillation event. Oceanogr., 6, 36-44.
McPhaden, M. J., 1993: TOGA-TAO and the 1991-93 El NinoSouthern Oscillation event. Oceanography, 6, 36-44. Neelin. J. D., and J.-Y. Yu, 1993. Modes of tropical variability under convective adjustment and the Madden-Julian oscillation. Part I: Analytical results. J. Atmos. Sci.
McPhaden, M. J., 1995: The Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean array is completed. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 76, 739-741.
McPhaden, M. J., 2002: Mixed Layer Temperature Balance on Intraseasonal Timescales in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Climate, 15, 2632-2647.
McPhaden, M. J., F. Bahr, Y. d. Penhoat, E. Firing, S. P. Hayes, P. P. Niiler, P. L. Richardson, and J. M. Toole, 1992: The response of the western equatorial Pacific Ocean to westerly wind bursts during November 1989 to January 1990. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 14289-14303.
McPhaden, M. J., A. J. Busalacchi, J. Picaut, and G. Raymond, 1988: A model study of potential sampling errors due to data scatter around expendable bathythermograph transects in the tropical Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 8119-8130.
McPhaden, M. J., H. D. Freitag, S. P. Hayes, and B. A. Taft, 1988: The response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to a westerly wind burst in May 1986. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 10589-10063.
McPhaden, M. J. and S. P. Hayes, 1990: Variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean during 1986-1988. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 13195-13208.
McPhaden, M. J. and S. P. Hayes, 1991: On the variability of winds, sea surface temperature and surface layer heat content in the western equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 3331-3342.
McPhaden, M. J., S. P. Hayes, and L. J. Mangum, 1990: Variability in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean during the 1986-87 El Ninòo/ Southern Oscillation event. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 190-208.
McPhaden, M. J. and M. E. McCarty, 1992: Mean seasonal cycles and interannual variations at 07, 1107W and 07, 1407W during 1980-1991. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL-PMEL-95, 118.
McPhaden, M. J. and H. B. Milburn, 1992: Moored precipitation estimates for TOGA. TOGA Notes, 7, 1-5.
McPhaden, M. J., H. B. Milburn, A. I. Nakamura, and A. J. Shepherd, 1991: PROTEUS-Profile telemetry of upper ocean currents. Sea Technol., 32, 10-19.
McPhaden, M. J. and H. Peters, 1992: Diurnal cycle of internal wave variability in the equatorial Pacific Ocean: Results from moored observations. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 1317-1329.
McPhaden, M. J., J. A. Proehl, and and, 1987: On the structure of low-frequency equatorial waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 1555-1559.
McPhaden, M. J., J. A. Proehl, and L. M. Rothstein, 1986: The interaction of equatorial Kelvin waves with realistically sheared zonal cur-rents. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 16, 1499-1515.
McPhaden, M. J. and P. Ripa, 1990: Wave-mean flow interactions in the equatorial ocean. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 22, 167-205.
McPhaden, M. J. and B. A. Taft, 1988: Dynamics of seasonal and intraseasonal variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 18, 1713-1732.
McPhee, M. G., 1979: The effect of the oceanic boundary layer on the mean drift of pack ice: Application of a simple mode. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 9, 388-400.
McPhee, M. G., 1992: Turbulent heat flux in the upper ocean under sea ice. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 5365-5379.
McPhee, M. G., 1994: On the turbulent mixing length in the oceanic boundary layer. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 2014-2031.
McPhee, M. G., 1995: Ocean flux measurements during ANZFLUX. Antarct. J. U.S., in press.
McPhee, M. G. and D. G. Martinson, 1994: Turbulent mixing under drifting pack ice in the Weddell Sea. Science, 263, 218-221.
McPherson, R. D., 1968: A Three-dimension Numerical Study of the Texas Coast Sea Breeze. Rep. 15.
McPherson, R. D., 1970: A numerical study of the effect of a coastal irregularity on the sea breeze. J. Appl. Meteor., 9, 767-777.
McPherson, R. D., 1975: Progress, problems, and prospects in meteorological data assimilation. Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc., 56, 1154-1166.
McPherson, R. D., 1991: 2001-An NMC odyssey. Preprints, Ninth Conf. on Numerical Weather Prediction, Denver, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc.
McPherson, R. D., 1994: The National Centers for Environmental Prediction: Operational climate, ocean, and weather pre- diction for the 21st century. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75, 363Ò3-73.
McPherson, R. D., 1994: The National Centers for Environmental Prediction: Operational climate, ocean, and weather prediction for the 21st century. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75, 363-373.
McQueen, J. T. and R. R. Draxler, 1994: Evaluation of model back trajectories of the Kuwait oil fires smoke plume using digital satellite data. Atmos. Environ., 28, 2159-2174.
McRae, G. J., W. R. Goodin, and and, 1982: Numerical solutions of the atmospheric diffusion equation for chemically reacting flows. J. Comput. Phys., 45, 1-42.
McRae, G. J., W. R. Goodin, and J. H. Seinfeld, 1982: Development of a second-generation mathematical model for urban air pollution-1. Model formulation. Atmos. Environ., 16, 679-696.
McRae, G. J., W. R. Goodin, and J. H. Seinfeld, 1982: Numetical solution of the atmospheric diffusion equation for chemically reacting flows. J. Comp. Phy., 45, 1-42.
McRae, G. J., W. R. Goodin, and J. H. Seinfeld, 1982: Development of a secondgeneration mathematical model for urban air pollutionI. Model formulation. Atmos. Environ., 16, 679-696.
McRae, G. J. and J. H. Seinfeld, 1983: Development of a second-generation mathematical model for urban air pollution-II: Evaluation of model performance. Atmos. Environ., 17, 491-499.
McRae, G. J. and J. H. Seinfeld, 1983: Development of a second generation mathematical model for urban air pollution: II. Evaluation of model performance. Atmos. Environ., 17, 3.
McRae, G. J., F. H. Shair, and J. H. Seinfeld, 1982: Convective dowamixing of plumes in a coastal environment. J. Appl. Meteor., 20, 1312-1324.
McTaggartCowan, R., J. R. Gyakum, and M. K. Yau, 2001: Sensitivity Testing of Extratropical Transitions Using Potential Vorticity Inversions to Modify Initial Conditions: Hurricane Earl Case Study. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 1617-1636.
McVicar, T. R., D. L. P. Jupp, Y. Xihua, and T. Guoliang, 1992: Linking regional water balance models with remote sensing. Proc. 13th Asian Conf. on Remote Sensing, Ulaanbaator, Mongolia.
McWilliams, J. C., 1976: Maps from the Midocean Dynamics Experiment. Part I: Geostrophic streamfunction. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 6, 810-827.
McWilliams, J. C., 1977: A note on a consistent quasigeostrophic model in a multiply connected domain. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 1, 427-441.
McWilliams, J. C., 1980: An application of equivalent modons to atmospheric blocking. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 5, 43-66.
McWilliams, J. C., 1980: An application of equivalent modons to atmospheric blocking. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 5, 43-66.
McWilliams, J. C., 1983: On the mean dynamical balances of the Gulf Stream Recirculation Zone. J. Mar. Res., 41, 427-460.
McWilliams, J. C., 1984: The emergence of isolated coherent vortices in turbulent flow. J. Fluid Mech., 146, 21-43.
McWilliams, J. C., 1985: A uniformly valid model spanning the re-gimes of geostrophic and isotropic, stratified turbulence: Balanced turbulence. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 1773-1774.
McWilliams, J. C., 1985: Submesoscale coherent vortices in the ocean. Rev. Geophys., 23, 165-182.
McWilliams, J. C., 1989: Statistical properties of decayinggeostrophic turbulence. J. Fluid Mech., 198, 199-230.
McWilliams, J. C., 1990: The vortices of two-dimensional turbulence. J. Fluid Mech., 219, 361-385.
McWilliams, J. C., 1996: Modeling the oceanic general circulation. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 28, 215-248.
McWilliams, J. C. and J. S. Chow, 1981: Equilibrium geostrophic turbulence. Part I: A reference solution in a beta plane channel. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 921-949.
McWilliams, J. C., G. Danabasoglu, and P. R. Gent, 1996: Tracer budgets in the warm water sphere. Tellus, in press.
McWilliams, J. C. and G. R. Flierl, 1979: On the evolution of isolated, nonlinear vortices. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 9, 1155-1182.
McWilliams, J. C. and P. R. Gent, 1978: A coupled air and sea model for the tropical Pacific. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 962-989.
McWilliams, J. C. and P. R. Gent, 1986: The evolution of sub-mesoscale, coherent vortices on the beta-plane. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 35, 235-255.
McWilliams, J. C. and P. R. Gent, 1986: The evolution of sub-mesoscale, coherent vortices on the b-plane. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 35, 235-255.
McWilliams, J. C. and P. R. Gent, 1994: The wind-driven ocean circulation with an isopycnal-thickness mixing parameterization. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 46-65.
McWilliams, J. C., W. R. Holland, and J. H. S. Chow, 1978: A description of numerical Antarctic Circumpolar Currents. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 2, 213-291.
McWilliams, J. C., N. J. Norton, P. R. Gent, and D. B. Haidvogel, 1990: A linear balance model of wind-driven, midlatitude ocean circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 1349-1378.
Me¥sza¥ros, A., 1978: On the concentration and size distribution of atmospheric sulfate particles under rural conditions. Atmos. Environ., 12, 2425-2428.
Me¥tais, O. and M. Lesieur, 1992: Spectral large-eddy simulation of isotropic and stably stratified turbulence. J. Fluid Mech., 239, 157-194.
Meacham, S., 1988: Non-modal baroclinic instability. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 12, 19-45.
Meacham, S. P., 1991: Meander evolution on piecewise-uniform, quasi-geostrophic jets. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 1139-1170.
Mead, J. B., A. L. Pazmany, S. M. Sekelsky, and R. E. McIntosh, 1994: Millimeter-wave radar for remotely sensing clouds and precipitation. Proc. IEEE, 82, 1891-1906.
Meador, W. E. and W. R. Weaver, 1980: Two-stream approximations to radiative transfer in planetary atmospheres: A unified description of existing methods and a new improvement. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 630-643.
Meadows, L., G. Meadows, A. Troesch, S. Cohen, K. P. Beier, G. Root, O. M. Griffin, and T. F. Swean, 1994: Lagrangian velocity profiles in the wake of a high speed vessel. Ocean Eng., 21, 221-242.
Meagher, J. P. and Z. S. Haddad, 2002: Principal-component analysis for raindrops and its application to the remote sensing of rain. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 128, 559-572.
Meakin, R. L. and R. L. Street, 1988: Simulation of environmental flow problems in geometrically complex domains. Part I: A general coordinate transformation. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., 68, 151-175.
Means, L. L., 1952: On thunderstorm forecasting in the central United States. Mon. Wea. Rev., 80, 165-189.
Means, L. L., 1954: A study of the mean southerly wind-maxi-mum in low levels associated with a period of summer precipitation in the middle west. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 35, 166-170.
Mearns, L. O., F. Giorgi, L. McDaniel, and C. Shields, 1995: Analysis of daily variability of precipitation in a nested regional climate model: Comparison with observations and doubled CO2 results. Global Planetary Change. 10, 55-78.
Mearns, L. O., R. W. Katz, and S. H. Schneider, 1984: Extreme high-temperature events: Changes in their probabilities with changes in mean temperature. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 23, 1601-1613.
Mearns, L. O., C. Rosenzweig, and R. Goldberg, 1996: The effect of changes in daily and interannual climatic variability on CERES-Wheat: A sensitivity study. Climate Change, 32, 257-292.
Mearns, L. O., S. H. Schneider, S. L. Thompson, and L. R. McDaniel, 1990: Analysis of climate variability in general circulation models: Comparison with observations and changes in variability in 2 1 CO2 experiments. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 20469-20490.
Measures, C. I. and J. M. Edmond, 1988: Aluminium as a tracer of the deep outflow from the Mediterranean. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 591-595.
Mechem, D. B., R. A. Houze, and S. S. Chen, 2002: Layer inflow into precipitating convection over the western tropical Pacific. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 128, 1997-2030.
Mechoso, C. R., 1980: The atmospheric circulation around Antartica: Linear stability and finite amplitude interactions with migrating cyclones. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2209-2233.
Mechoso, C. R., A. W. Robertson, N. Barth, M. K. Davey, P. Dele-cluse, P. R. Gent, S. Ineson, B. Kirtman, M., Latif, H. Le Treut, T. Nagai, J. D. Neelin, S. G. H. Philander, J. Polcher, P. S Ma, H., 1992: A simple model for upwelling through Moresby Trough. M.S. thesis, Department of Oceanography, University of British Columbia.
Mechoso, C. R. and Coauthors, 1995: The seasonal cycle in the tropical Pacific in general circulation models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 2825-2838.
Mechoso, C. R. and G. P. Iribarren, 1992: Streamflow in southeastern South America and the Southern Oscillation. J. Climate, 5, 1535-1539.
Mechoso, C. R., A. Kitoh, S. Moorthi, and A. Arakawa, 1987: numerical simulations of the atmospheric response to a sea surface temperature anomaly over the equatorial eastern Pacific Ocean. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 2936-2956.
Mechoso, C. R., S. W. Lyons, and J. A. Spahr, 1990: The impact of sea surface temperature anomalies on the rainfall over Northeast Brazil. J. Climate, 3, 812-826.
Mechoso, C. R., K. Yamazaki, A. Kitoh, and and, 1986: Numerical forecasts of stratospheric.
Mechoso, C. R., K. Yamazaki, A. Kitoh, and A. Arakawa, 1985: Numerical forecasts of stratospheric warming events during the winter of 1979. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 1015-1029.
Mecikalski, J. R. and G. J. Tripoli, 1998: Inertial Available Kinetic Energy and the Dynamics of Tropical Plume Formation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 2200-2216.
Media, G. N., 1994: The USA Today Weather Almanac. Vintage Books, 316 pp.
Medina, J. G. and R. Rasmussen, 1989: Preliminary design and statistical evaluation plan for the Thailand Applied Atmospheric Resources Research Program. Preprints, Fifth WMO Scientific Conf. on Weather Modification and Applied Cloud Physics, Bei-jing, China.
Medvedev, A. S. and G. P. Klaassen, 1995: Vertical evolution of gravity wave spectra and the parametrization of associated wave drag. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 25841-25853.
Medvedev, S. B., 1999: The Slow Manifold for the Shallow Water Equations on the f Plane. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1050-1054.
Medwin, H. and M. M. Beaky, 1989: Bubble sources of the Knudsen sea noise spectra. J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., 86, 1124-1130.
Medwin, H., J. A. Nystuen, P. W. Jacobus, D. E. Snyder, and L. H. Ostwald, 1992: The anatomy of underwater rain noise. J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., 92, 1613-1623.
Meehl, G., 1987: The annual cycle and interannual variability in the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean region. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 27-50.
Meehl, G., 1994: Coupled land-ocean-atmosphere processes and South Asian monsoon variability. Science, 266, 263-267.
Meehl, G. A., 1984: A calculation of ocean heat storage and effective ocean surface layer depths for the Northern Hemisphere. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 14, 1747-1761.
Meehl, G. A., 1987: The annual cycle and interannual variability in the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean region. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 27-50.
Meehl, G. A., 1987: The annual cycle and interannual variability in the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean regions. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1057-1086.
Meehl, G. A., 1990: Seasonal cycle forcing of El Ninò o-Southern Oscillation in a global coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM. J. Climate, 3, 72-98.
Meehl, G. A., 1993: A coupled air-sea biennial mechanism in the tropical Indian and Pacific regions: Role of the ocean. J. Climate, 6, 31-41.
Meehl, G. A., 1994: Coupled land-ocean-atmosphere processes and south Asian monsoon variability. Science, 266, 263-267.
Meehl, G. A., 1994: Influence of the land surface in the Asian summer monsoon: External conditions versus internal feedbacks. J. Climate, 7, 1033-1049.
Meehl, G. A. and B. A. Albrecht, 1991: Response of a GCM with a hybrid convection scheme to a tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomaly. J. Climate, 4, 672-688.
Meehl, G. A. and J. M. Arblaster, 2002: The Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation and Asian-Australian Monsoon Rainfall. J. Climate, 15, 722-744.
Meehl, G. A. and J. M. Arblaster, 2002: Indian Monsoon GCM Sensitivity Experiments Testing Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation Transition Conditions. J. Climate, 15, 923-944.
Meehl, G. A. and W. M. Washington, 1988: A comparison of soil moisture sensitivity in two climate models. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 1476-1492.
Meehl, G. A., W. M. Washington, and A. J. Semtner, 1982: Experiments with a global ocean model driven by observed atmospheric forcing. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 12, 301-312.
Meerburg, P. M. l., D. J. Olbers, K. Richter, W. Sell, and H. Walden, 1973: Measurements of wind-wave growth and swell decay during the Joint North Sea Wave Project (JONSWAP). Dtsch. Hydrogr. Z., 12, (Suppl.).
Meeson, B. W., F. E. Corprew, D. M. Myers, J. W. Closs, K.-J. Sun, and P. J. Sellers, 1995: ISLSCP Initiative I-Global Data Sets for Land-Atmosphere Models. 1987-1988. Vol. 1-5. CD-ROM. NASA, (USA NASA GDAC ISLSCP-001 USA NASA GDAAC ILSCP 005).
Meeson, B. W., F. E. Corprew, D. M. Myers, J. W. Closs, K.-J. Sun, and P. J. Sellers, 1995: ISLSCP Initiative I-Global Data Sets for LandÒAtmosphere Models. 1987Ò1988. [Available from Blanche Meeson, NASA/GSFC, Code 902.2.
Meesters, A., 1994: Dependence of the energy balance of the Greenland ice sheet on climate change: Influence of katabatic wind and tundra. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 120, 491-517.
Meeting, B., MD, A. G. U. Conover, and J. H., 1966: Anomalous cloud lines. J. Atmos. Sci., 23, 778-785.
Meeting, S. A., TX., and and, 1995: Evaluation of eddy-correlation gas flux measurements. Proc. 11th Symp. on Boundary Layers and Turbulence. Charlotte, NC, Amer. Meteor. Soc.
Meglis, A. J., 1960: Annotated bibliography on forecast verification. Meteor. Geoastrophys. Abstr. Bibliogr., 11, 1129-1174.
Mehta, A. V. and E. A. Smith, 1997: Variability of Radiative Cooling during the Asian Summer Monsoon and Its Influence on Intraseasonal Waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 941-966.
Mehta, V. M. and T. Delworth, 1995: Decadal variability of the tropical Atlantic ocean surface temperature in shipboard measurements and in a global ocean-atmosphere model. J. Climate, 8, 172-190.
Mei, C. C., 1983: The Applied Dynamics of Ocean Surface Waves. Wiley, 740.
Mei, C. C. and M. Yuhi, 2001: Slow flow of a Bingham fluid in a shallow channel of finite width. J. Fluid Mech., 135.
Meier, H. E., 2002: Regional ocean climate simulations with a 3D ice-ocean model for the Baltic Sea. Part 1: model experiments and results for temperature and salinity. Climate Dynamics, 19, 237-254.
Meier, H. E., 2002: Regional ocean climate simulations with a 3D ice-ocean model for the Baltic Sea. Part 2: results for sea ice. Climate Dynamics, 19, 255-266.
Meier, H. E. M. and T. Faxen, 2002: Performance Analysis of a Multiprocessor Coupled Ice-Ocean Model for the Baltic Sea. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 19, 114-124.
Meijninger, W. M., A. E. Green, O. K. Hartogensis, W. Kohsiek, J. C. Hoedjes, R. M. Zuurbier, and H. A. DeBruin, 2002: Determination of Area-Averaged Water Vapour Fluxes with Large Aperture and Radio Wave Scintillometers over a Heterogeneous Surface - Flevoland Field Experiment. Bound. Layer Meteor., 105, 63 - 83.
Meijninger, W. M., O. K. Hartogensis, W. Kohsiek, J. C. Hoedjes, R. M. Zuurbier, and H. A. DeBruin, 2002: Determination of Area-Averaged Sensible Heat Fluxes with a Large Aperture Scintillometer over a Heterogeneous Surface - Flevoland Field Experiment. Bound. Layer Meteor., 105, 37 - 62.
Meinardus, W., 1940: Wladimir Kˆppen: Lebenslauf und W¸rdigung (Life story and appreciation). Petersmans Geogr. Mitteil., 10, 339-345.
Meincke, J., 1978: On the distribution of low salinity intermediate waters around the Faeroes. Dtsch. Hydrogr. Z., 31, 50-64.
Meincke, J., 1986: Convection in the oceanic waters west of Britain. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, Sect. B, 88.
Meinen, C. S. and D. S. Luther, 2002: Estimating Mooring Motion when the Pressure Sensors Fail: A Method Employing Inverted Echo Sounders. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 19, 1451-1460.
Meinen, C. S. and M. J. McPhaden, 2000: Observations of Warm Water Volume Changes in the Equatorial Pacific and Their Relationship to El Nino and La Nina. J. Climate, 13, 3551.
Meinke, H., P. S. Carberry, M. R. McCaskill, M. A. Hills, and I. McLoed, 1995: Evaluation of radiation and temperature data generators in the Australian tropics and subtropics using crop simulation models. Agric. For. Meteor., 72, 295-316.
Meischner, P., 1989: Cloud dynamics and cloud microphysics by radar measurements, remote sensing and the earth's environment. Proc. Summer School, Alpach, Austria.
Meischner, P., R. Baumann, H. Holler, and T. Jank, 2001: Eddy Dissipation Rates in Thunderstorms Estimated by Doppler Radar in Relation to Aircraft In Situ Measurements. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 18, 1609-1627.
Meischner, P. and Coauthors, 1993: The field project CLEOPATRA, MayJuly 1992 in southern Germany. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 74, 401-412.
Meischner, P. F., V. N. Bringi, D. Heimann, and H. Holler, 1991: A squall line in Southern Germany: Kinematics and precipitation formation as deduced by advanced polarimetric and Doppler radar measurements. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 678-701.
Meisner, B. N., 1976: A study of Hawaiian and line Islands rainfall. Department of Meteorology. University of Hawaii, UHMET 7604, 82.
Meisner, B. N., 1992: Verifying monthly fire weather forecasts: Pre-senting expected accuracy to users. Proc. 16th Annual Climate Diagnostics Workshop, Los Angeles, CA.
Meissner, K. J. and R. Gerdes, 2002: Coupled climate modelling of ocean circulation changes during ice age inception. Climate Dynamics, 18, 455-474.
Meitin, J. G. and J. B. Cunning, 1985: The Oklahoma-Kansas Preliminary regional experiment for STORM-Central Vol. 1. Daily operations summary. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL ESG-20, 313 pp.
Mekler Y., Y. K., 1995: On possible causes of calibration degradation of the AVHRR visible and near infrared channels. Appl. Opt., 24, 1059-1062.
Meko, D. M., E. R. Cook, D. W. Stahle, C. W. Stockton, and M. K. Hughes, 1993: Spatial patterns of tree-growth anomalies in the United States and southeastern Canada. J. Climate, 6, 1773-1786.
Melander, M. V. and B. R. Fabijonas, 2002: Self-similar enstrophy divergence in a shell model of isotropic turbulence. J. Fluid Mech., 463, 241-258.
Melander, M. V. and N. J. Z. J. C. McWilliams, 1987: Axisymmetrization and vorticity-gradient intensification of an isolated two-dimensional vortex through filamentation. J. Fluid Mech., 178, 137-159.
Melander, M. V. and J. C. M. N. J. Zabusky, 1987: Asymmetric vortex merger in two dimensions: Which vortex is "victorious?" Phys. Fluids, 30, 2610-2612.
Melas, D. and L. Enger, 1993: A numerical study of flow in Athens area using the MIUU model. Environ. Software, 8, 55-63.
Melbourne, A. K. E. and J. W. Hurrell, 1994: Decadal atmosphere-ocean variations in the Pacific. Climate Dyn., 9, 303-319.
Melbourne, A. T. and K. E., 1990: Recent observed interdecadal climate changes in the Northern Hemisphere. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 71, 988-993.
Melburg, E., E. Wallner, and F. Necker, 2000: Vorticity dynamics of dilute two-way-coupled particle-laden mixing layers. J. Fluid Mech., 185.
Melfi, S. H., Lawrence, J. D., and M. P. McCormick, 1969: Observation of Raman scattering by water vapor in the atmosphere. Appl. Phys. Let., 15, 295-297.
Melfi, S. H. and D. Whiteman, 1985: Observations of lower Atmospheric moisture structure and its evolution using a Raman lidar. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 66, 1288-1292.
Melfi, S. H., D. Whiteman, and R. Ferrarre, 1989: Observation of atmospheric fronts using Raman lidar moisture measurements. J. Appl. Meteor., 28, 789-806.
Melice, J. L., A. Coron, and A. Berger, 2001: Amplitude and Frequency Modulations of the Earth's Obliquity for the Last Million Years. J. Climate, 14, 1043.
Melillo, J. M., A. D. McGuire, D. W. Kicklighter, B. M. III, C. J. Vorosmarty, and A. L. Schloss, 1993: Global climate change and terrestrial net primary productivity. Nature, 363, 234-240.
Melling, H. and E. L. Lewis, 1982: Shelf drainage flows in the Beaufort Sea and their effect on the Arctic Ocean pycnocline. Deep-Sea Res., 29, 967-985.
Melling, H. and R. List, 1980: Characteristics of vertical velocity fluctuations in a convective urban boundary layer. J. Appl..Meteor., 19, 1184-1195.
Mellor, G. L., 1967: Turbulent boundary layers with arbitrary pressure gradients and divergent or convergent cross flows. AIAA J., 5, 1570.
Mellor, G. L., 1972: The large Reynolds number asymptotic theory of turbulent boundary layers. Intern. J. Eng. Sci., 11, 851-873.
Mellor, G. L., 1973: A survey of mean turbulent field closure models. AIAA J., 11, 590-599.
Mellor, G. L., 1973: Analytic predictions of the properties of stratified planetary surface layers. J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 1061-1069.
Mellor, G. L., 1975: A comparative study of curved flow and density stratified flow. J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 1278-1282.
Mellor, G. L., 1977: The Gaussian cloud model relation. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 356-358.
Mellor, G. L., 1977: The Guassian cloud model relations. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 356-358; Corrigendum.
Mellor, G. L., 1985: Ensemble average, Turbulence closure. Issues in Atmospheric and Oceanic Modeling. Part B: Weather Dynamics, Saltzman, B., Ed., Academic Press, 345-358.
Mellor, G. L., 1991: An equation of state for numerical models of oceans and estuaries. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 8, 601-611.
Mellor, G. L. and and, 1982: Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 20, 851-875.
Mellor, G. L. and P. A. Durbin, 1975: The structure and dynamics of the ocean mixed layer. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 5, 718-728.
Mellor, G. L. and T. Ezer, 1991: A Gulf Stream model and an altimetry assimilation scheme. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 8779-8795.
Mellor, G. L. and D. M. Gibson, 1966: Equilibrium turbulent boundary layers. J. Fluid Mech., 24, 255.
Mellor, G. L. and H. J. Herring, 1968: Two methods of calculating turbulent boundary layer behavior based on numerical solutions of the equations of motion. Proc. AIOSR-IFP Stanford Conference, Vol. 1, 331-345.
Mellor, G. L., C. R. Mechoso, and E. Keto, 1982: A diagnostic calculation of the general circulation of the Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res., 29, 1171-1192.
Mellor, G. L. and T. Yamada, 1974: A hierarchy of turbulence closure models for planetary boundary layers. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 1791-1806.
Mellor, G. L. and T. Yamada, 1982: Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 20, 851-875.
Mellor, G. L. and T. Yamada, 1982: Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 20, 851-875.
Meloen, J., P. C. Siegmund, and M. Sigmond, 2001: A Lagrangian computation of stratosphere-troposphere exchange in a tropopause-folding event in the subtropical Southern Hemisphere. Tellus, 53, 368-379.
Melville, W. K., 1977: Wind stress and roughness length over breaking waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 7, 702-710.
Melville, W. K., 1994: Energy dissipation by breaking waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 2041-2049.
Melville, W. K. and K. R. Helfrich, 1987: Transcritical two-layer flow over topography. J. Fluid Mech., 178, 31-52.
Melville, W. K. and R. J. Rapp, 1985: Momentum flux in breaking waves. Nature, 336, 54-59.
Melville, W. K., F. Veron, and C. J. White, 2002: The velocity field under breaking waves: coherent structures and turbulence. J. Fluid Mech., 454, 203-234.
Memoli, F. and G. Sapiro, 2001: Fast Computation of Weighted Distance Functions and Geodesics on Implicit Hyper-Surfaces. J. Comput. Phy., 173, 730-764.
Menard, R. D. and D. L. S. J. M. Fritsch, 1988: Case example of the effect of a wake low on subsequent convective events. Preprints, 15th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Baltimore, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 225-228.
Menard, R. D. and J. M. Fritsch, 1989: An MCC-generated inertially stable warm core vortex. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1237-1260.
Menard, R. D. and J. M. Fritsch, 1989: A mesoscale convective complexgenerated inertially stable warm core vortex. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1237-1261.
Menard, R. D. and J. M. Fritsch, 1989: An MCCgenerated inertially stable warm core vortex. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1237-1260.
Mendoza, B., R. Perez-Enriquez, and M. Alvarez-Madrigal, 1991: Analysis of solar activity conditions during periods of El Ninòo events. Ann. Geophys., 9, 50-54.
Meneghini, R., 1978: Rain rate estimates for an attenuating radar. Radio Sci., 13, 459-470.
Meneghini, R. and D. Atlas, 1986: Simultaneous ocean cross section and rainfall measurements from space with a nadir-looking radar. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 3, 400-413.
Meneghini, R., J. Eckerman, and D. Atlas, 1983: Determination of rain rate from spaceborne radar using measurements of total attenuation. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, GE-21, 34-43.
Meneghini, R., J. A. Jones, and L. H. Gesell, 1987: Analysis of a dual-wave-length surface reference radar technique. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 21, 34-43.
Meneghini, R., J. A. Jones, T. Iguchi, K. Okamoto, and J. Kwiatkowski, 2001: Statistical Methods of Estimating Average Rainfall over Large Space-Timescales Using Data from the TRMM Precipitation Radar. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 568-585.
Meneghini, R., J. A. Jones, and J. Kwiatkowski, 2001: Statistical Methods of Estimating Average Rainfall over Large Space-Timescale Using Data from the TRMM Precipitation Radar. J. App. Meteor., 40, 568.
Meneghini, R. and T. Kozu, 1990: Spaceborne Weather Radar. Ar-tech House. 199.
Meneghini, R., T. Kozu, H. Kumagai, and W. C. Boncyck, 1992: A study of rain estimation methods from space using dual-wavelength radar measurement at nearnadir incidence over ocean. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 9, 364-382.
Meneghini, R. and H. Kumagai, 1994: Characteristics of the vertical profiles of dual-frequency, dual-polarization radar data in stratiform rain. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 11, 701-711.
Meneghini, R. and K. Nakamura, 1990: Range profiling of the rain rate by an airborne weather radar. Remote Sens. Environ., 31, 193-209.
Meneghini, R., K. Nakamura, C. W. Ulbrich, and D. Atlas, 1989: Experimental tests of methods for the measurement of rainfall rate using an airborne dual-wavelength radar. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 6, 637-651.
Meneghini, R., J. R. Wang, H. Kumagai, and T. Iguchi, 1994: Description of a radar/ radiometer method and its application to airborne measurements over stratiform rain. Proc. IGARSS-'94, Pasadena, CA.
Menemenlis, D. and M. Chechelnitsky, 2000: Error Estimates for an Ocean General Circulation Model from Altimeter and Acoustic Tomography Data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 763-778.
Menenti, M., L. Jia, Z. L. Li, V. Djepa, J. Wang, M. P. Stoll, Z. Su, and M. Rast, 2001: Estimation of soil and vegetation temperatures with multiangular thermal infrared observations: IMGRASS, HEIFE, and SGP 1997 experiments (Paper 2000JD900671). J. Geophy. Res., 106, 11,997-12,010.
Meneveau, C. and and, 1987: Simple multifractal cascade model for fully developed turbulence. Phys. Rev. Lett., 59, 1424-1427.
Meneveau, C. and K. R. Sreenivasan, 1987: The multifractal spectrum of the dissipation field in turbulent flows. Nucl. Phys. B, 2, 49-76.
Mengesha, Y. G., P. A. Taylor, and D. H. Lenschow, 2001: Boundary-Layer Turbulence over the Nebraska Sandhills. Bound. Layer Meteor., 100, 3-46.
Menhofer, A., R. K. Smith, M. J. Reeder, and D. R. Christie, 1997: "Morning-Glory" Disturbances and the Environment in which They Propagate. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1712-1725.
Menhohini, R., T. Iguchi, and J. K. Kwiatkowski, 2000: Use of the Surface Reference Technique for Path Attenuation Estimates from the TRMM Precipitation Radar. J. App. Meteor., 39, 2053.
Menne, M. J. and C. E. Duchon, 2001: A Method for Monthly Detection of Inhomogeneities and Errors in Daily Maximum and Minimum Temperatures. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 18, 1136-1149.
Menzel, W. P. and J. F. W. Purdom, 1994: Introducing GOES-I: The first of a new generation of geostationary operational environmental -satellites. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75, 757-781.
Menzel, W. P., W. L. Smith, and L. D. Herman, 1981: Visible infrared spinscan radiometer atmospheric sounder radiomteric calibration: An inflight evaluation from intercomparisons with HIRS and radiosonde measurements. Appl. Opt., 20, 3641-3644.
Menzel, W. P., W. L. Smith, and T. R. Stewart, 1983: Improved cloud motion wind vector and altitude assignment using VAS. J. Appl. Meteor., 22, 377-384.
Menzel, W. P., D. P. Wylie, and K. I. Strabala, 1992: Seasonal and diurnal changes in cirrus clouds as seen in four years of observations with the VAS. J. Appl. Meteor., 31, 370-385.
Menzies, R. T., 1986: Doppler lidar atmospheric wind sensors: A comparative performance evaluation for global measurement applications from earth orbit. Appl. Opt., 25, 2546-2553.
Menzies, R. T., P. H. Flamant, M. J. Kavaya, and E. N. Kuiper, 1984: Tunable mode and line selection by injection in a TEA CO2 laser. Appl. Opt., 23, 3854-3861.
Menzies, R. T. and R. M. Hardesty, 1989: Coherent Doppler lidar for measurements of wind fields. Proc. IEEE, 77, 449-462.
Menzies, R. T. and D. M. Tratt, 1991: Aerosol and cloud observations with a CO2 backscatter lidar on the NASA DC-8 GLOBE Pacific missions. Seventh Symp. on Meteorological Observations and instrumentation, 14-18 January, New Orleans, LA. Amer. Meteor. Soc., J265-J2-67.
Merceret, F. J., 1975: Relating rainfall rate to the slope of raindrop size spectra. J. Appl. Meteor., 14, 259-260.
Merceret, F. J., 2000: The Coherence Time of Midtrophospheric Wind Features as a Function of Vertical Scale from 300 m to 2 km. J. App. Meteor., 39, 2409.
Meredith, N. P., R. B. Horne, and R. R. Anderson, 2001: Substorm dependence of chorus amplitudes: Implications for the acceleration of electrons to relativistic energies (Paper 2000JA900156). J. Geophy. Res., 106, 13,165-13,178.
MerentiValimaki, H. and P. Laininen, 2002: Analysing effects of meteorological variables on weather codes by logistic regression. Meteor. App., 9, 191-198.
MerentiValimaki, H. L., J. Lonnqvist, and P. Laininen, 2001: Present weather: comparing human observations and one type of automated sensor. Meteor. App., 8, 491-496.
Merino, G. G., D. Jones, D. E. Stooksbury, and K. G. Hubbard, 2001: Determination of Semivariogram Models to Krige Hourly and Daily Solar Irradiance in Western Nebraska. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 1085-1094.
Merkine, L., 1977: Convective and absolute instability of baroclinic eddies. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 16, 174-206.
Merkine, L.-O., 1977: Convective and absolute instability of barotropic eddies. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 9, 129-157.
Merlani, A. L., G. Natale, and E. Salusti, 2001: Fracturing processes due to temperature and pressure nonlinear waves propagating in fluid-saturated porous rocks (Paper 2000JB900441). J. Geophy. Res., 106, 11,067-11,082.
Merle, J., 1980: Seasonal heat budget in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10, 464-469.
Merle, J., 1980: Variabilite thermique et interannuelle de l'Ocean Atlantique equatorial Est. L'hypothese d'un ''El Ninò o'' Atlan-tique. Ocean. Acta. 3, 209-220.
Merlivat, L. and L. Memery, 1983: Gas exchange across an air-water interface: Experimental results and modeling of bubble contribution to transfer. J. Geophys. Res., 88, 707-724.
Mermejo, R., 1990: On the equivalence of semi-Lagarangian and particle-in-cell finitie-element methods. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 979-987.
Mero, T. N. and W. M. Stoney, 1988: A description of the National Ocean Service Next Generation Water Level Measurement system. Proc. of the Third Biennial NOS International Hydrographic Conf., Baltimore, MD.
Meroney, R. N. and W. H. Melbourne, 1992: Operating ranges of meteorological wind tunnels for the simulation of convective boundary layer (CBL) phenomena. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 61, 145-174.
Merrell, D., K. M. Simmons, and D. Sutter, 2002: Taking Shelter: Estimating the Safety Benefits of Tornado Safe Rooms. Wea. Forecasting, 17, 619-625.
Merrill, J. T., R. Bleck, and L. Avila, 1985: Modeling atmospheric transport to the Marshall Islands. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 12927-12936.
Merrill, R. T., 1984: A comparison of large and small tropical cyclones. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 1408-1418.
Merrill, R. T., 1988: Characteristics of the upper-tropospheric environmental flow around hurricanes. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 1665- 1677.
Merrill, R. T., 1988: Environmental influences on hurricane intensification. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 1678-1687.
Merrill, R. T., 1995: Simulations of physical retrieval of tropical cyclone thermal structure using 55-GHz band passive microwave observations from polarorbiting satellites. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 773-787.
Merrill, R. T. and C. S. Velden, 1996: A three-dimensional analysis of the outflow layer of Supertyphoon Flo (1990). Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 47-63.
Merryfield, W. J. and G. Holloway, 2002: Predictability of quasi-geostrophic turbulence. J. Fluid Mech., 465, 191-212.
Mertens, C., 1994: Winterliche Deckschichtentwicklung und ihre zwischenja®hrliche Variabilita ®t im nordwestlichen Mittelmeer. M.S. thesis, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Kiel.
Mertz, G. and D. G. Wright, 1992: Interpretation of the JEBAR term. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 301-305.
Mertz, G. S., S. Narayanan, and J. Helbig, 1993: The freshwater transport of the Labrador Current. Atmos.-Ocean, 31, 28-295.
Meseguer, A. and F. Marques, 2002: On the competition between centrifugal and shear instability in spiral Poiseuille flow. J. Fluid Mech., 455, 129-148.
Mesinger, F., 1972: Computation of the wind by forced adjustment to the height field. J. Appl. Meteor., 11, 60-71.
Mesinger, F., 1973: A method for construction of second-order accuracy difference schemes permitting no false two-grid interval wave in the height field. Tellus, 25, 444-458.
Mesinger, F., 1977: Forward-backward scheme and its use in a limited area model. Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 50, 200-210.
Mesinger, F., 1981: Horizontal advection schemes of a staggered grid - an enstrophy and energy-conserving model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 467-478.
Mesinger, F., 1982: On the convergence and error problems of the calculation of the pressure gradient force in sigma coordinate models. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 19, 105-117.
Mesinger, F., 1984: A blocking technique for representation of mountains in atmospheric models. Riv. Meteor. Aeronaut., 44, 195-202.
Mesinger, F., 1985: The sigma system problem. Preprints, Seventh Conf. Numerical Weather Prediction, Montreal, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 340-347.
Mesinger, F. and A. Arakawa, 1976: Numerical methods used in atmospheric models. Vol. 14, GARP Publication Series, WMO/ ICSU Joint Organizing Committee, 67 pp.
Mesinger, F. and T. L. Black, 1992: On the impact on forecast accuracy of the step-mountain (eta) vs. sigma coordinate. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 50, 47-60.
Mesinger, F., T. L. Black, and and, 1996: Impact of resolution and of the eta coordinate on skill of the eta model precipitation forecasts. Atmos.-Ocean, Andr» Robert Symp. Issue, in press.
Mesinger, F., T. L. Black, and M. Baldwin, 1993: Simulations of a December 1992 severe East Coast storm (ÏNorÌeaster 1Ó) with the eta model. Part I: Sensitivity to model formulations. Preprints, 13th Conf. on Weather Analysis and Forecasting, Vienna, VA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 164-165.
Mesinger, F., T. L. Black, D. W. Plummer, and J. H. Ward, 1990: Eta model precipitation forecasts for a period including Tropical Storm Allison. Wea. Forecasting, 5, 483-493.
Mesinger, F. and W. G. Collins, 1986: Review of the representation of mountains in numerical weather prediction models. Proc. Seminar/ Workshop on Observation, Theory and Modeling of Orographic Effects, Shinfield Park, Reading, U.K., ECMWF, 1-28.
Mesinger, F. and Z. I. Janjic, 1985: Problems and numerical methods of incorporation of mountains in atmospheric models. Lectures in Applied Mathematics, Amer. Math. Soc., 81-119.
Mesinger, F. and Z. I. Janjic, 1985: Pressure gradient force and hydrostatic equation. Workshop on Limited-Area Numerical Weather Prediction Models for Computers of Limited Power. Short and Medium Range Weather Prediction Research Publication Series, Erice, Italy, WMO, 175-223.
Mesinger, F. and Z. I. Janjic, 1987: Numerical techniques for the representation of mountains. Seminar/ Workshop on Observation, Theory and Modelling of Orographic Effects, Shinefield Park, Reading, U.K., ECMWF.
Mesinger, F., Z. I. Janjic, S. Nickovic, D. Gavrilov, and D. G. Deaven, 1988: The step-mountain coordinate: Model description and performance for cases of Alpine lee cyclogenesis and for a case of an Appalachian redevelopment. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 1493-1518.
Mesinger, F. and R. Pierrehumbert, 1986: Alpine lee cyclogenesis: Numerical simulation and theory. Scientific Results of the Alpine Experiment. GARP Publication Series 27, Vol. I, World Meteorological Organization, 141-165.
Mesinger, F. and M. Rancic, 1996: Limited area modeling: State-of-the-art, current directions and future. Lecture presetned at the Third ICTP/WMO International Workshop on Tropical Limited Area Modeling, Trieste, Italy.
Mesinger, F. and R. F. Strickler, 1982: Effects of mountains on Genoa cyclogenesis. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 60, 326-338.
Mestas-Nunò ez, A. M., D. B. Chelton, M. H. Freilich, and J. G. Richman, 1994: An evaluation of ECMWF-based climatological wind stress fields. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 1532-1549.
Metais, O. and M. Lesieur, 1986: Statistical predictibility of decaying turbulence. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 857-870.
Metcalf, J. I., 1995: Radar observations of changing orientations of hydrometeors in thunderstorms. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 757-772.
Metcalf, J. I. and R. G. Humphries, 1981: Workshop on polarization techniques in radar meteorology. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 62, 416-417.
Metcalf, J. I., A. A. B. Jr., and L. D. Nelson, 1975: Water content and reflectivity measurements by ''chirp'' radar. Preprints, 16th Radar Meteorology Conf., Houston, TX.
Metcalf, W. and M. Stalcup, 1967: Origins of the Atlantic Equatorial Undercurrent. J. Geophys. Res., 72, 4959-4975.
Metcalfe, A. M. and T. J. Pedley, 2001: Falling plumes in bacterial bioconvection. J. Fluid Mech., 445, 121-150.
Metcalfe, J. R. and B. E. Goodison, 1993: Correction of Canadian winter precipitation data. Eighth Symp. on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation, Anaheim, CA. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 338-343.
Metcalfe, R. W., S. A. Orszag, M. E. Brachet, S. Menon, and J. J. Riley, 1987: Secondary instability of a temporally growing mixing layer. J. Fluid Mech., 184, 207-243.
Meteor. Soc., M. E. M. and A. W. Robertson, 1985: On the use and significance of isentropic potential vorticity maps. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 111, 877-946.
Meteorological Office, B., Berkshire, U. K. James, I. N., and P. M. James, 1992: Spatial structure of ultra-low-frequency variability of the flow in a simple atmospheric circulation model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 118, 1211-1233.
Meteorological Office, B., U. Dombrowsky, E., and P. D. Mey, 1992: Continuous assimilation in an open domain of the Northeast Atlantic: 1. Methodology and application to Athena-88. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 9719-9731.
Meterol. Off., B. and U.K., 1989: A GCM parameterization for the shortwave radiative properties of water clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1419-1427.
Method, T. J. and T. N. Carlson, 1982: Radiative heating rates and some optical properties of the St. Louis aerosol, as inferred from air raft measurements. Atmos. Environ., 16, 53-66.
Methven, J., 1998: Spirals in Potential Vorticity. Part II: Stability. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2067-2079.
Methven, J., M. Evans, and G. Spain, 2001: Estimating relationships between air mass origin and chemical composition. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 5005.
Methven, J. and B. Hoskins, 1998: Spirals in Potential Vorticity. Part I: Measures of Structure. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2053-2066.
Methven, J. and B. Hoskins, 1999: The Advection of High-Resolution Tracers by Low-Resolution Winds. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 3262-3285.
METROMEX, P., 1976: METROMEX Update. Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc., 57, 304-308.
Metz, W., 1991: Optimal relationship of large-scale flow patterns and the barotropic feedback due to high-frequency eddies. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1141-1159.
Mewes, J. J. and A. Shapiro, 2002: Use of the Vorticity Equation in Dual-Doppler Analysis of the Vertical Velocity Field. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 19, 543-567.
Meyer, A., L. Rezeau, F. Mottez, H. deFeraudy, and A. Roux, 2001: A new instrument for space plasma exploration: The current density coil (Paper 2000JA900131). J. Geophy. Res., 106, 12,999-13,006.
Meyer, J. H., 1971: Radar observations of land breeze fronts. J. Appl. Meteor., 10, 1224-1232.
Meyer, M. B., G. G. Lala, and J. E. Juisto, 1986: FOG-82: A cooperative field study of radiation fog. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 67, 825-832.
Meyer, W. D., 1970: A diagnostic numerical study of the semiannual variation of the zonal wind in the tropical stratosphere and mesosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 27, 820-830.
Meyers, G., 1979: Annual variation in the slope of the 147C isotherm along the equator in the Pacific Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 9, 885-891.
Meyers, G., 1979: On the annual Rossby wave in the tropical North Pacific Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 9, 663-674.
Meyers, G., R. Bailey, and T. Worby, 1995: Volume transport of Indonesian throughflow. Deep-Sea Res., 42, 1163-1174.
Meyers, G. and J.-R. Donguy, 1980: An XBT network with merchant ships. Trop. Ocean-Atmos. Newslett., 2, 6-7.
Meyers, G., J.-R. Donguy, and R. K. Reed, 1986: Evaporative cooling of the western equatorial Pacific Ocean by anomalous winds. Nature, 323, 523-526.
Meyers, G., H. Phillips, N. Smith, and J. Sprintall, 1991: Space and time scales for optimal interpolation of temperature-Tropical Pacific Ocean. Progress in Oceanography. Vol. 28, Pergamon, 189-218.
Meyers, M. P., P. J. DeMott, and and, 1995: A comparison of seeded and nonseeded orographic cloud simulations with an explicit cloud model. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 834-846.
Meyers, M. P., P. J. D. Mott, and W. R. Cotton, 1992: New primary ice nucleation parameterizations in an explicit cloud model. J. Appl. Meteor., 31, 708-721.
Meyers, S. D., 1994: Cross-frontal mixing in a meandering jet. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 1641-1646.
Meyers, S. D., C. S. Johns, D. M. Legler, K. F. Miles, and J. J. O'Brien, 1995: The sensitivity to parametric variation in direct minimization techniques. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 1632-1639.
Meyers, S. D., B. G. Kelly, and J. J. O'Brien, 1993: An introduction to wavelet analysis in oceanography and meteorology: With application to the dispersion of Yanai waves. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 2858-2866.
Meyers, S. D. and J. J. O'Brien, 1995: Pacific ocean influences Atmospheric carbon dioxide. Eos. Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 76, -1.
Meyers, S. D., J. J. O'Brien, and E. Thelin, 1999: Reconstruction of Monthly SST in the Tropical Pacific Ocean during 1868-1993Using Adaptive Climate Basis Functions. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 1599-1612.
Meyers, T. P. and D. D. Baldocchi, 1991: The budget of turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds stress within and above a deciduous forest. Agric. For. Meteor., 53, 207-222.
Meyers, T. P. and F. Dale, 1983: Predicting daily insolation with hourly cloud height and coverage. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 537-545.
Meyers, T. P., B. B. Hicks, R. P. Hosker, J. D. Womack, and L. C. Satterfield, 1991: Dry deposition inferential measurement techniquesII. Seasonal and annual deposition rates of sulfur nitrate. Atmos. Environ., 25A, 2361-2370.
Meyers, T. P. and K. T. P. U, 1987: Modelling the plant canopy micrometeorology with higherorder closure principles. Agric. For. Meteor., 41, 143-163.
Meylan, M. H., 2002: Spectral solution of time-dependent shallow water hydroelasticity. J. Fluid Mech., 454, 387-402.
Mezic, I., 2001: Chaotic advection in bounded Navier--Stokes flows. J. Fluid Mech., 347.
Miao, J., K. Kunzi, G. Heygster, T. A. LachlanCope, and J. Turner, 2001: Atmospheric water vapor over Antarctica derived from Special Sensor Microwave/Temperature 2 data (Paper 2000JD900811). J. Geophy. Res., 106, 10,187-10,204.
Michaels, P., 1994: Estimating advective tendencies from field measurements. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 2202-2209.
Michaelsen, J., 1982: A statistical study of large-scale, longperiod variability in North Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 12, 694-703.
Michaelsen, J., 1987: Crossvalidation in statistical climate forecast models. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 26, 1589-1600.
Michalsky, J., L. Harrison, Q. Min, J. Schlemmer, B. Berkheizer, and C. Zhou, 1995: Rotating shadowband radiometer development and analysis of spectral shortwave data. Proc. Fifth Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Science Team Meeting, San Di-ego, CA.
Michalsky, J. J., 1988: The Astronomical Almanac's algorithm for approximate solar position (1950-2050). Sol. Energy, 40, 227-235.
Michalsky, J. J., J. A. Schlemmer, W. E. Berkheiser, J. L. Berndt, L. C. Harrison, N. S. Laulainen, N. R. Larson, and J. C. Barnard, 2001: Multiyear measurements of aerosol optical depth in the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement and Quantitative Links programs (Paper 2001JD900096). J. Geophy. Res., 106, 12,099-12,108.
Michaud, L. M., 2001: Total energy equation method for calculating hurricane intensity. Meteor. Atmos. Phy., 78, 35-44.
Michaud, R., 1990: Extended memory of initial conditions in long-range forecasts of the January 1983 atmospheric circulation. J. Climate, 3, 461-482.
Michaud, R. and J. Derome, 1991: On the mean meridional transport of energy in the atmosphere and oceans as derived from six years of ECMWF analyses. Tellus, 43A, 1-14.
Michaud, R. and C. A. Lin, 1992: Monthly summaries of merchant ship surface marine observations and implications for climate variability studies. Climate Dyn., 7, 45-55.
Michelangeli, D. V., M. Allen, Y. L. Yung, R. L. Shia, D. Crisp, and J. Eluszkiewicz, 1992: Enhancements of atmospheric radiation by an aerosol layer. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 865-874.
Michelangeli, D. V., R. W. Zurek, and L. S. Elson, 1987: Barotropic instability of midlatitude zonal jets on Mars, Earth and Venus. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 2031-2041.
Michelangeli, P.-A., R. Vautard, and B. Legras, 1995: Weather regimes: Recurrence and quasi-stationarity. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1137-1256.
Michelangeli, P.-A., R. Vautard, and B. Legras, 1995: Weather re-gimes: Recurrence and quasi-stationarity. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1137-1256.
Michelato, A. and V. Kovac?evic¥, 1991: Some dynamic features of the flow through the Otranto Strait. Boll. Oceanol. Teorica applicata, 9, 39-51.
Michell, J. H., 1893: The highest waves in the water. Philos. Mag., 36(222), 351-358.
Michelsen, H. A., 2001: Carbon and hydrogen kinetic isotope effects for the reaction of Cl with CH4: Consolidating chemical kinetics and molecular dynamics measurements (Paper 2000JD900689). J. Geophy. Res., 106, 12,267-12,274.
Michelson, A. A., 1961: Light Waves and Their Uses. Phoenix Science Ser. 508. University of Chicago Press, 162-163.
Mickley, L. J., D. J. Jacob, and D. Rind, 2001: Uncertainty in preindustrial abundance of tropospheric ozone: Implications for radiative forcing calculations. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 3389.
microfiche. Liu, W. T. and C. Gautier, 1990: Thermal forcing on the tropical Pacific from satellite data. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 13209-13217.
Middleton, J., 1985: Drifter spectra and diffusivities. J. Mar. Res., 43, 37-55.
Middleton, J. F. and J. W. Loder, 1989: Skew fluxes in polarized wave fields. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 19, 68-76.
Middleton, J. H., 1987: Steady coastal circulation due to oceanic alongshore pressure gradients. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 604-612.
Middleton, J. H., V. T. Buchwald, and J. M. Huthnance, 1984: The anomalous tides near Broad Sound. Contin. Shelf Res., 4, 35-9381.
Middleton, J. H. and R. E. Thomson, 1985: Steady wind-driven coastal circulation on a b-plane. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 15, 1809-1817.
Middleton, P., C. S. Kiang, and V. A. Mohnen, 1982: The relative importance of various urban sulfate aerosol production mechanismsA theoretical comparison. Heterogeneous Atmospheric Chemistry. Geophys. Monogr. No. 26, Amer. Geophys. Union, 221-230 pp.
Middleton, W. E. K., 1952: Vision Through the Atmosphere. University of Toronto Press, 250.
Mie, G., 1908: Beitra®ge zur Optik tru ® ber Medien, speziell kolloidaler Metallo® sungen. Ann. Phys., 25, 377-445.
Mied, R. P. and G. J. Lindemann, 1979: The propagation and evolution of cyclonic Gulf Stream rings. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 9, 1183-1206.
Mielke, P. W., 1967: Note on some squared-rank tests with existing ties. Technometrics, 9, 312-314.
Mielke, P. W., 1995: Comments on the Climax I and II experiments including replies to Rangno and Hobbs. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 1228-1232.
Mielke, P. W., G. W. Brier, L. O. Grant, G. J. Mulvey, and P. N. Rosenzwei, 1981: A statistical reanalysis of the replicated Climax I and II wintertime orographic cloud seeding experiments. J. Appl. Meteor., 20, 643-659.
Mielke, P. W., Jr., K. J. Berry, and G. W. Brier, 1981: Application of multi-response permutation procedures for examining seasonal changes in monthly mean sea-level pressure patterns. Mon. Wea. Rev., 96, 540-548.
Mielke, P. W., Jr., K. J. Berry, A. S. Dennis, P. L. Smith, J. R. M. Jr., and B. A. Silverman, 1984: HIPLEX-1: Statistical evaluation. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 23, 513-522.
Mielke, P. W. and J. G. Medina, 1983: A new covariate ratio procedure for estimating treatment differences with applications to Climax I and II experiments. J. Appl. Meteor., 22, 1290-1295.
MiguezMacho, G. and J. Paegle, 2001: Sensitivity of North American Numerical Weather Prediction to Initial State Uncertainty in Selected Upstream Subdomains. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 2005-2022.
Miguez-Macho, G. and J. Paegle, 2000: Sensitivity of a Global Forecast Model to Initializations with Reanalysis Datasets. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 3879.
Mihailovic, D., H. D. Bruin, M. Jeftic, and A. V. Dijken, 1992: A study of the sensitivity of land surface parameterization on the inclusion of different fractional covers and soil textures. J. Appl. Meteor., 31, 1477-1487.
Mihailovic, D. T., 1981: Calculation of initial temperature from interpolated pressure gradient force in a coordinate models. Arch Meteor. Geophys. Bieklimatol. Ser. A, 30, 239-251.
Mihalakakou, G., H. A. Flocas, M. Santamouris, and C. G. Helmis, 2002: Application of Neural Networks to the Simulation of the Heat Island over Athens, Greece, Using Synoptic Types as a Predictor. J. App. Meteor., 41, 519-527.
Mihaljan, J. M., 1963: The exact solution of the Rossby adjustment problem. Tellus, 15, 150-154.
Mikkelson, T. and F. Desiato, 1993: Atmospheric dispersion models and pre-processing of meteorological data for real-time application. Radiat. Prot. Dosim., 50, 205-218.
Mikolajewicz, U. and and, 1994: Mixed boundary conditions in ocean general circulation models and their influence on the stability of the model's conveyor belt. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 22633-22644.
Mikolajewicz, U. and E. Maier-Reimer, 1990: Internal secular variability in an ocean general circulation model. Climate Dyn., 4, 145-156.
Miksis, M. J. and J. M. VandenBroeck, 2001: Motion of a triple junction. J. Fluid Mech., 437, 385-394.
Miladinova, S., S. Slavtchev, G. Lebon, and J. C. Legros, 2002: Long-wave instabilities of non-uniformly heated falling films. J. Fluid Mech., 453, 153-176.
Milano, M. and P. Koumoutsakos, 2002: A Clustering Genetic Algorithm for Cylinder Drag Optimization. J. Compu. Phy., 175, 79-107.
Milbrandt, J. A. and M. K. Yau, 2001: A Mesoscale Modeling Study of the 1996 Saguenay Flood. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 1419-1440.
Miles, J., 2001: Stability of inviscid shear flow over a flexible boundary. J. Fluid Mech., 434, 371-378.
Miles, J., 2001: A note on surface waves generated by shear-flow instability. J. Fluid Mech., 447, 173-178.
Miles, J., 2002: Gravity waves in a circular well. J. Fluid Mech., 460, 177-180.
Miles, J. W., 1957: On the generation of surface waves by shear flows. J. Fluid Mech., 3, 185-204.
Miles, J. W., 1957: On the reflection of sound at an interface of relative motion. J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., 29, 226-228.
Miles, J. W., 1961: On the stability of heterogeneous shear flows. J. Fluid Mech., 10, 496-508.
Miles, J. W., 1964: Baroclinic instability of the zonal wind: Part III. J. Atmos. Sci., 21, 603-609.
Miles, J. W., 1977: Diffraction of solitary wave. Z. Agnew. Math. Phys., 28, 889-902.
Miles, J. W., 2001: Gravity waves on shear flows. J. Fluid Mech., 443, 293-300.
Miles, J. W., 2002: On slow oscillations in coupled wells. J. Fluid Mech., 455, 283-288.
Miles, J. W. and L. N. Howard, 1964: Note on a heterogeneous shear flow. J. Fluid Mech., 20, 331-336.
Miles, J. W. and H. E. Huppert, 1969: Lee waves in a stratified fluids: Part I: A theoretical investigation. Tellus, 5, 42-58.
Miles, J. W. and H. E. Huppert, 1969: Lee waves in a stratified flow. Part 4: Perturbation approximations. J. Fluid Mech., 35, 497-525.
Miles, N. L., J. Verlinde, and E. E. Clothiaux, 2000: Cloud Droplet Size Distributions in Low-Level Stratiform Clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 295-311.
Milionis, A. E. and T. D. Davies, 2002: Associations between atmospheric temperature inversions and vertical wind profiles: a preliminary assessment. Meteor. App., 9, 223-228.
Millard, B., E. G. Caswell, E. E. Leger, and D. R. Mills, 1955: The adsorption and heats of adsorption of water on Spheron 6 and Graphon. J. Phys. Chem., 59, 976-978.
Millard, R. C., W. B. Owens, and N. P. Fofonoff, 1990: On the calculation of the Brunt-Va®isa ®la frequency. Deep-Sea Res., 37, 167-181.
Miller, A., J. Oberhuber, N. Graham, and T. Barnett, 1992: Tropical Pacific Ocean response to observed winds in a layered general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 7317-7340.
Miller, A. J., 1986: Non-divergent planetary oscillations in midlatitude ocean basins with continental shelves. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 16, 1914-1928.
Miller, A. J., 1989: On the barotropic planetary oscillations of the Pacific. J. Mar. Res., 47, 569-594.
Miller, A. J., P. F. J. G. L. A., and P.-M. Poulain, 1995: A 1.8day topographic Rossby mode resonance trapped to the Iceland- Faeroe Ridge. Preprints, 10th Conf. on Atmospheric and Oceanic Waves and Stability, Big Sky, MT.
Miller, A. J., H. G. Arango, A. R. Robinson, W. G. Leslie, P.-M. Poulain, and A. Warn-Varnas, 1995: Quasigeostrophic forecasting and physical processes of Iceland-Faeroe Front variability. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 1273-1295.
Miller, A. J., T. P. Barnett, and N. E. Graham, 1993: A comparison of some tropical ocean models: Hindcast skill and El Ninòo evolution. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 1567-1591.
Miller, A. J., D. C. Cayan, T. P. Barnett, N. E. Graham, and J. M. Oberhuber, 1994: Interdecadal variability of the Pacific Ocean: Model response to observed heat flux and wind stress anomalies. Climate Dyn., 9, 287-302.
Miller, A. J., D. R. Cayan, T. P. Barnett, N. E. Graham, and J. M. Oberhuber, 1994: The 1976-77 Climate Shift of the Pacific Ocean. Oceanography, 7, 21-26.
Miller, A. J., D. R. Cayan, and W. B. White, 1996: A decadal change in the North Pacific thermocline and gyre-scale circulation. J. Climate, in press.
Miller, A. J., W. R. Holland, and M. C. H. L, 1987: Open-ocean response and normal-mode excitation in an eddy-resolving general circulation model. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 37, 253-278.
Miller, A. J., R. M. Nagatani, J. D. Laver, and B. Korty, 1979: Utilization of 100 mb midlatitude height fields as an indicator of sampling effects of total ozone variations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 782-787.
Miller, A. J., P.-M. Poulain, A. R. Robinson, H. G. Arango, W. G. Leslie, and A. Warn-Varnas, 1995: Quantitative skill of quasi-geostrophic forecasts of a baroclinically unstable IcelandFaeroe Front. J. Geophys. Res., 100, in press.
Miller, A. J. and J. O. Roads, 1990: A simplified coupled model of extended range predictability. J. Climate, 3, 523-542.
Miller, B. I., 1964: A study of the filling of Hurricane Donna (1960) over land. Mon. Wea. Rev., 92, 389-406.
Miller, B. L. and D. G. Vincent, 1987: Convective heating and precipitation estimates for the tropical South Pactfic during FGGE, 10-18 January 1979. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 113, 189212.
Miller, C. E. and Y. L. Yung, 2000: Photo-induced isotopic fractionation. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 29039.
Miller, D., 1990: Mesoscale convective complexes in the western Pacific region. Masters thesis. Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, 74.
Miller, D. and J. M. Fritsch, 1991: Mesoscale convective complexes in the western Pacific region. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 2978-2992.
Miller, D. A. and F. Sanders, 1980: Mesoscale conditions for the severe conditions of 3 April 1974 in the east-central United States. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 1041-1055.
Miller, D. A. F. S., 1980: Mesoscale conditions for the severe conditions of 3 April 1974 in the east-central United States. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 1041-1055.
Miller, D. H., 1965: The heat and water budget of the earth's surface. Adv. Geophys., 11, 175-301.
Miller, D. K. and G. W. Petty, 1998: Moisture Patterns in Deepening Maritime Extratropical Cyclones. Part I: Correlation between Precipitation and Intensification. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 2352-2368.
Miller, D. R. and E. W. Comings, 1960: Force-momentum fields in a dual-jet flow. J. Fluid Mech., 7, 237-256.
Miller, E., 1993: TOGA COARE Integrated sounding system data report-Vol. I, surface and sounding data. NCAR SSSF Rep., 41.
Miller, E. E. and R. D. Miller, 1956: Physical theory for capillary flow phenomena. J. Appl. Phys., 27, 324-332.
Miller, G. H. and P. Colella, 2001: A High-Order Eulerian-Godunov Method for Elastic-Plastic Flow in Solids. J. Comp. Phys., 167, 131.
Miller, G. R., 1966: The flux of tidal energy out of the deep oceans. J. Geophys. Res., 71, 2485-2489.
Miller, J., 1976: The salinity effect in a mixed layer ocean model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 6, 29-35.
Miller, J. A. and Coauthors, 1994: Interdecadal variability of the Pacific Ocean: Model response to observed heat flux and wind stress anomalies. Climate Dyn., 9, 287-302.
Miller, J. E., 1946: Cyclogenesis in the Atlantic coastal region of the United States. J. Meteor., 3, 31-44.
Miller, J. E., 1948: On the concept of frontogenesis. J. Meteor., 5, 169-171.
Miller, J. R., G. L. Russel, and G. Caliri, 1994: Continental-scale river flow in climate models. J. Climate, 7, 914-928.
Miller, K. S. and M. M. Rochwarger, 1972: A covariance approach to spectral moment estimation. IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, IT-18, 588-596.
Miller, L., 1993: Blending altimetry and tide-gauge data. Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 74(16), 185-197.
Miller, L. and R. E. Cheney, 1990: Large-scale meridional transport in the tropical Pacific Ocean during the 1986-1987 El Ninò o from Geosat. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 17905-17919.
Miller, L., R. E. Cheney, and B. C. Douglas, 1988: GEOSAT altimeter observations of Kelvin waves and the 1986-1987 El Ninòo. Science, 239, 52-54.
Miller, L. J., F. Harris, and J. C. Fankhauser, 1982: The 22 June case study: Structure and evolution of internal airflow. Hail Storms of the Central High Plains, Volume 11. Colorado Associated University Press, 35-59.
Miller, L. J., F. I. Harris, and J. C. Fankhauser, 1982: The 22 June 1976 case study: Structure and evolution of internal airflow. Hailstorms of the Central High Plains. Vol. II, Colorado Associated University Press, 35-59.
Miller, L. J., M. A. LeMone, W. Blumen, N. Gamage, R. J. Za-mora, and R. L. Grossman, 1996: The low-level structure and evolution of a dry arctic front over the central United States: Part I. Mesoscale observations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 1648-1675.
Miller, L. J., C. G. Mohr, and A. J. Weinheime, 1986: The simple rectification to Cartesian space of folded radial velocities from Doppler radar sampling. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 3, 162-174.
Miller, L. J. and R. G. Strauch, 1974: A dual Doppler radar method for the determination of wind velocities within precipitating weather systems. Remote Sens. Environ., 3, 219-235.
Miller, L. J., J. D. Tuttle, and C. A. Knight, 1988: Airflow and hail growth in a severe northern High Plains supercell. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 736-762.
Miller, M., A. C. M. Beljaars, and T. N. Palmer, 1992: The sensitivity of the ECMWF model to parameterization of evaporation from the tropical oceans. J. Climate, 5, 418-434.
Miller, M. A. and B. A. Albrecht, 1995: Surface-based observations of mesoscale cumulus-stratocumulus interaction during ASTEX. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2809-2826.
Miller, M. A., M. P. Jensen, and E. E. Clothiaux, 1998: Diurnal Cloud and Thermodynamic Variations in the Stratocumulus Transition Regime: A Case Study Using In Situ and Remote Sensors. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2294-2310.
Miller, M. J., 1974: On the use of pressure as vertical coordinate in modeling convection. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 100, 155-162.
Miller, M. J., 1978: The Hampstead Storm: A numerical simulation of a quasi-stationary cumulonimbus system. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 104, 413-427.
Miller, M. J., 1990: The parametrization of momentum fluxes in the free atmosphere. Seminar on Ten Years of Medium Range Weather Prediction. Reading, United Kingdom, ECMWF.
Miller, M. J., A. C. M. Beljaars, and T. N. Palmer, 1992: The sensitivity of the ECMWF model to the parameterization of evaporation from the tropical oceans. J. Climate, 5, 418-434.
Miller, M. J. and A. K. Betts, 1977: Traveling convective storms over Venezuela. Mon. Wea Rev., 105, 833-848.
Miller, M. J. and T. N. Palmer, 1986: Orographic gravity-wave drag: Its parameterization and influence in general circulation and numerical weather prediction models. Proc. Seminar/ Workshop on Observation, Theory and Modeling of Orographic Effects, Shinfield Park.
Miller, M. J., T. N. Palmer, and R. Swinbank, 1989: Parameterization and influence of subgrid-scale orography in general circulation and numerical weather prediction models. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 40, 84-109.
Miller, M. J., T. N. Palmer, and R. Swinbank, 1989: Parameterization and influence subgrid-scale orography in general circulation and numerical weather prediction models. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 40, 84-109.
Miller, M. J. and R. P. Pearce, 1974: A three-dimensional primitive equation model of cumulonimbus convection. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 100, 133- 154.
Miller, M. J. and A. J. Thorpe, 1981: Rdiation conditions for the lateral boundaries of limited area numerical models. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 107, 615-628.
Miller, M. J. and A. A. White, 1984: On the non-hydrostatic equations in pressure and sigma coordinates. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 110, 515-533.
Miller, N. L., 1995: An automated land analysis system (ALAS) for applications at a range of spatial scales: Watershed to global. SIAM. in press.
Miller, N. L., J. Kim, J. Y. Zhang, and J. H. Oh, 2001: Coupled Precipitation-Streamflow Simulations at the GAME/HUBEX Site: Xixian Basin. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 79, 985-998.
Miller, P. A. and S. G. Benjamin, 1992: A system for the hourly assimilation of surface observations in mountainous and flat terrain. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 2342-2359.
Miller, P. L. and P. E. Dimotakis, 1991: Stochastic geometric properties of scalar interfaces in turbulent jets. Phys. Fluids A, 3, 168-177.
Miller, P. P. and D. R. Durran, 1991: On the sensitivity of downslope windstorms to the asymmetry of the mountain profile. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1457-1473.
Miller, R., 1991: A horror story about integration methods. J. Comp. Phys., 93, 469-476.
Miller, R. A. and W. M. Frank, 1993: Radiative forcing of simulated tropical cloud clusters. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 482-498.
Miller, R. C., 1975: Notes on analysis and severe-storm forecasting procedures of the Air Force Global Weather Central., 190 pp.
Miller, R. G., 1968: Jackknifing variances. Ann. Math. Statist., 39, 567-582.
Miller, R. L. and A. D. D. Genio, 1994: Tropical cloud feed-backs and decadal variability of climate. J. Climate, 7, 1388-1402.
Miller, R. L. and I. Tegen, 1999: Radiative Forcing of a Tropical Direct Circulation by Soil Dust Aerosols. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 2403-2433.
Miller, R. N., 1986: Toward the application of the Kalman filter to regional open ocean modeling. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 16, 72-86.
Miller, R. N., 1990: Tropical data assimilation experiments with simulated data: The impact of the tropical ocean and global atmosphere thermal array for the ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 11461-11482.
Miller, R. N., 1994: Perspectives on advanced data assimilation in strongly nonlinear systems. Data Assimilation: Tools for Modelling the Ocean in a Global Change Perspective, Nihoul, P. P. B. a. J. C. J., Ed., Springer-Verlag, 195-216.
Miller, R. N., 1994: Perspectives on advanced data assimilation in strongly nonlinear systems. Data Assimilation: Tools for Modelling the Ocean in a Global Change Perspective, Vol. 19 of NATO ASI, P. P. Brasseur and J. C. J. Nihoul, Eds., Springer-Verlag.
Miller, R. N., A. J. Busalacchi, and E. C. Hackert, 1995: Sea surface topography fields of the tropical Pacific from data assimilation. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 13389-13425.
Miller, R. N. and M. A. Cane, 1989: Kalman filter analysis of sea level height in the tropical Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 19, 775-791.
Miller, R. N. and L. L. Ehret, 2002: Ensemble Generation for Models of Multimodal Systems. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 2313-2333.
Miller, R. N., M. Ghil, and F. Gauthiez, 1994: Advanced data assimilation in strongly nonlinear dynamical systems. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 1037-1056.
Miller, R. N., E. D. Zaron, and A. F. Bennett, 1994: Data assimilation in models with convective adjustment. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 2607-2613.
Miller, R. S., K. G. Harstad, and J. Bellan, 2001: Direct numerical simulations of supercritical fluid mixing layers applied to heptane-nitrogen. J. Fluid Mech., 436, 1-40.
Millero, F. J., C. Chen, A. Bradshaw, and K. Schleicher, 1980: A new high pressure equation of state for seawater. Deep-Sea Res., 27, 255-264.
Millero, F. S. and A. Poisson, 1981: An international one-atmosphere equation of state of sea water. Deep-Sea Res., 28A, 625-629.
Milliff, R. F. and R. A. Madden, 1996: The existence and vertical structure of fast, eastward-moving disturbances in the equatorial troposphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 586-597.
Milliff, R. F. and J. C. McWilliams, 1994: The evolution of boundary pressure in ocean basins. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 1317-1338.
Milliff, R. F. and A. R. Robinson, 1992: Structure and dynamics of the Rhodes gyre system and dynamical interpolation for estimates of the mesoscale variability. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 317-337.
Milligan, G. W., 1980: An examination of the effect of six types of error perturbation on fifteen clustering algorithms. Psychometrika, 45, 325-342.
Milligan, G. W. and M. C. Cooper, 1985: An examination of procedures for determining the number of clusters in a data set. Psychometrika, 50, 159-179.
Milliman, J. D. and R. H. Meade, 1983: World-wide delivery of river sediment to the oceans. J. Geol., 91(1), 1-21.
Millot, C., 1985: Some features of the Algerian Current. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 7169-7176.
Millot, C., 1987: Circulation in the western Mediterranean Sea. Oceanol. Acta, 10(2), 143-149.
Mills, G. A. and N. E. Davidson, 1987: Tropospheric moisture profiles from IR satellite imagery: System description and analysis/ forecast impact. Aust. Meteor. Mag., 35, 109-118.
Mills, G. A. and C. M. Hayden, 1983: The use of high resolution satellite temperature and moisture profiles to initialize a mesoscale numerical weather prediction model-a severe weather event case study. J. Clim. Appl. Meteor. 22, 649-663.
Mills, G. A. and R. S. Seaman, 1990: The BMRC regional data assimilation system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1217-1237.
Mills, R., J. Sheridan, and K. Hourigan, 2002: Response of base suction and vortex shedding from rectangular prisms to transverse forcing. J. Fluid Mech., 461, 25-50.
Milly, P. C. D. and K. A. Dunne, 1994: Sensitivity of the global water cycle to the water-holding capacity of land. J. Climate, 7, 506-526.
Milne, R., A. Mennim, and K. Hargreaves, 2001: The Value of the beta Coefficient in the Relaxed Eddy Accumulation Method in Terms of Fourth-Order Moments. Bound. Layer Meteor., 101, 359-373.
Milton, S. F., 1990: Practical extended-range forecasting using dynamical models. Meteor. Mag., 119, 221-233.
Milton, S. F. and D. F. Richardson, 1991: 30-day dynamical forecasts at the UK Meteorological Office. Proc. of ECMWF Workshop on New Developments in Predictability, Shinfield Park, Reading.
Mimmack, G. M., S. J. Mason, and J. S. Galpin, 2001: Choice of Distance Matrices in Cluster Analysis: Defining Regions. J. Climate, 14, 2790-2797.
Mims, F. M. and J. E. Frederick, 1994: Cumulus clouds and UV-B. Nature, 371, 291-291.
Min, M. S. and C. H. Teng, 2001: The Instability of the Yee Scheme for the "Magic Time Step". J. Comp. Phys., 166, 418.
Min, Q.-L. and L. C. Harrison, 1996: Cloud properties derived from surface MFRSR measurements and comparison with GOES results at the ARM SGP site. Geophys. Res. Lett., in press.
Min, X., J. Weimei, H. Fei, and C. Hongyan, 2002: The characteristics of turbulent moisture on Huaihe river basin in China. Meteor. Atmos. Phy., 81, 53-66.
Min, Z., Y. Haoming, and Z. Yaozhong, 2002: The Investigation of Atmospheric Angular Momentum as a Contributor to Polar Wobble and Length of Day Change with AMIP II GCM Data. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 19, 287-296.
Miner, E. W. and O. M. Griffin, 1987: Bubble motions in sea water. Ocean Phys. Eng., 12, 25-46.
Miner, T. J. and J. M. Fritsch, 1997: Lake-Effect Rain Events. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 3231-3248.
Miniscloux, F., J. D. Creutin, and S. Anquetin, 2001: Geostatistical Analysis of Orographic Rainbands. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 1835-1854.
Ministerio de Recursos Naturales, E. a. y. M., 1988: Instituto.
Minkov, E., M. Ungarish, and M. Israeli, 2002: The motion generated by a rising particle in a rotating fluid - numerical solutions. Part 2. The long container case. J. Fluid Mech., 454, 345-364.
Minnett, P. J., 1990: The regional optimization of infrared measurements of seasurface temperature from space. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 13497-13510.
Minnett, P. J., 1991: Consequences of sea surface temperature variability on the validation and applications of satellite measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 18475-18489.
Minnett, P. J., R. O. Knuteson, F. A. Best, B. J. Osborne, J. A. Hanafin, and O. B. Brown, 2001: The Marine-Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer: A High-Accuracy, Seagoing Infrared Spectroradiometer. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 18, 994-1013.
Minnis, P., 1989: Viewing zenith angle dependence of cloudiness determined from coincident GOES EAST and GOES WEST data. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 2303-2320.
Minnis, P., D. P. Garber, D. F. Young, R. F. Arduini, and Y. Takano, 1998: Parameterizations of Reflectance and Effective Emittance for Satellite Remote Sensing of Cloud Properties. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 3313-3339.
Minnis, P. and E. F. Harrison, 1984: Diurnal variability of regional cloud and clear-sky radiative parameters derived from GOES data. Part I: Analysis method. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 23, 993-1011.
Minnis, P. and E. F. Harrison, 1984: Diurnal variability of regional cloud and clear-sky radiative parameters derived from GOES data. Part II: November 1978 cloud distributions. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 23, 1012-1031.
Minnis, P. and E. F. Harrison, 1984: Diurnal variability of regional cloud and clear-sky radiative parameters derived from GOES data. Part III: November 1978 radiative parameters. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 23, 1032-1051.
Minnis, P., E. F. Harrison, L. L. Stowe, G. G. Gibson, F. M. Denn, D. R. Doelling, and W. L. S. Jr., 1993: Radiative climate forcing by the Mount Pinatubo eruption. Science, 259, 1411-1415.
Minnis, P., P. W. Heck, and D. F. Young, 1993: Inference of cirrus cloud properties using satellite-observed visible and infrared radiances. Part II: Verification of theoretical cirrus radiative properties. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1304-1322.
Minnis, P., P. W. Heck, D. F. Young, C. W. Fairall, and J. B. Snider, 1992: Stratocumulus cloud properties derived from simulta-neous satellite and island-based instrumentation during FIRE. J. Appl. Meteor., 31, 317-339.
Minnis, P., W. L. S. Jr., D. P. Garber, J. K. Ayers, and D. R. Doelling, 1995: Cloud properties derived from GOES-7 for spring 1994 ARM intensive observing period using version 1.0.0. of ARM satellite data analysis program. NASA reference publication 1366. [Available on-line from http://tech-reports.larc.nasa.gov/ltrs/ltrs.html] Nakajima, T., M. D. King. J. D. Spinhirne, and L. F. Radke, 1991:.
Minnis, P., K.-N. Liou, and Y. Takano, 1993: Inference of cirrus cloud properties using satellite-observed visible and infrared radiances. Part I: Parameterization of radiance fields. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1279-1304.
Minnis, P., L. Nguyen, D. R. Doelling, D. F. Young, W. F. Miller, and D. P. Kratz, 2002: Rapid Calibration of Operational and Research Meteorological Satellite Imagers. Part I: Evaluation of Research Satellite Visible Channels as References. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 19, 1233-1249.
Minnis, P., L. Nguyen, D. R. Doelling, D. F. Young, W. F. Miller, and D. P. Kratz, 2002: Rapid Calibration of Operational and Research Meteorological Satellite Imagers. Part II: Comparison of Infrared Channels. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 19, 1250-1266.
Minnis, P., W. L. Smith, Jr., D. F. Young, and P. W. Heck, 1993: Cloud fields derived from satellite and surface data during FIRE Cirrus Phase II. NASA CP 3238. Proc. FIRE Cirrus Science Conf., Breckenridge, CO, NASA.
Minnis, P., D. F. Young, and E. F. Harrison, 1991: Examination of the relationship between outgoing infrared window and total longwave fluxes using satellite data. J. Climate, 4, 1114-1133.
Minnis, P., D. F. Young, K. Sassen, J. M. Alvarez, and C. J. Grund, 1990: The 27-28 October 1986 FIRE IFO cirrus case study: Cirrus parameter relationships derived from satellite and lidar data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 2402-2425.
Minobe, S., T. Manabe, and A. Shouji, 2002: Maximal Wavelet Filter and Its Application to Bidecadal Oscillation over the Northern Hemisphere through the Twentieth Century. J. Climate, 15, 1064-1075.
Minobe, S. and K. Takeuchi, 1995: Annual period equatorial waves in the Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 100(C9), 18379-18392.
Minor, J. E., J. R. McDonald, and K. C. Mehta, 1977: Engineering oriented examinations of the tornado phenomenon. Preprints, 10th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Omaha, NE.
Minorsky, N., 1962: Nonlinear Oscillations. D. Van Nostrand. 7-14.
Minster, J. F., D. Jourdan, E. Normant, C. Brossier, and M. C. Gen-nero, 1992: An improved Special Sensor Microwave Imager water vapor correction for Geosat altimeter data. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 17859-17872.
Mintz, Y., 1947: On the kinematics and thermodynamics of the general circulation of the atmosphere in the higher latitudes. Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 28, 539-544.
Mintz, Y., 1951: The geostrophic poleward flux of angular momentum in the month of January 1949. Tellus, 3, 195-200.
Mintz, Y., 1954: The observed zonal circulation of the atmosphere. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 35, 208-214.
Mintz, Y., 1964: Very longterm global integration of the primitive equations of atmospheric motion. Proc. WMO-IUGG Symp. Boulder, CO, World Meteor. Org., 141-167.
Mintz, Y., 1968: Very longterm global integration of the primitive equations of atmospheric motion: An experiment in climate simulation. Causes of Climatic Change. Meteor. Monogr., No. 30, Amer. Meteor. Soc.
Mintz, Y., 1981: The sensitivity of numerically simulated climates to land surface boundary conditions. Proc. JSC Study Conf. on Land Surface Processes in Atmospheric GCM, Greenbelt, MA.
Mintz, Y. and Y. Serafini, 1984: Global fields of monthly normal soil moisture, as deduced from observed precipitation and estimated potential evapotranspiration. Final Scientific Rep. NASA grant NAS.5-26 Part V.
Mintz, Y. and Y. V. Serafini, 1981: Global fields of soil moisture and surface evapotranspiration. NASA/Goddard Flight Center Tech. Memo. 83 907. Research Review-1980/ 81, 178-180.
Mintz, Y. and G. K. Walker, 1993: Global fields of soil and land surface evapotranspiration derived from observed precipitation and surface air temperature. J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 1305-1334.
Mintz, Y. and G. K. Walker, 1993: Global fields of soil moisture and land surface evapotranspiration derived from observed precipitation and surface air temperature. J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 1305-1334.
Miranda, P. M. A. and I. N. James, 1992: Non-linear three-dimensional effects on gravity-wave drag: Splitting flow and breaking waves. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 118, 1057-1081.
Miranda, P. M. A. and M. A. Valente, 1997: Critical Level Resonance in Three-Dimensional Flow past Isolated Mountains. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1574-1588.
Miron, O. and J. A. Lindesay, 1983: A note on changes in airflow patterns between wet and dry spells over South Africa, 19631979. South. Afr. Geogr. J., 65, 141-147.
Miron, O. and P. D. Tyson, 1984: Wet and dry conditions and pressure anomaly fields over South Africa and the adjacent oceans, 1963-1979. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 2127-2132.
Mironov, D. V., V. M. Graynik, and T. H. Warncke, 2000: Vertical turbulence structure and second-moment budgets in convection with rotation: a large-eddy simulation study. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 472.
Mironov, D. V., V. M. Gryanik, V. N. Lykossov, and S. S. Zilitinkevich, 1999: "Comments on ""A New Second-Order Turbulence Closure Scheme for the Planetary Boundary Layer""". J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 3478-3481.
Mishchenko, M. I., W. B. Rossow, A. Macke, and A. A. Lacis, 1996: Sensitivity of cirrus cloud albedo, bidirectional reflectance, and optical thickness retrieval accuracy to iceparticle shape. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 16973-16985.
Mishima, S. and S. Nishizawa, 1955: Report on hydrographic in-vestigations in the Aleutian waters and the southern Bering Sea in the early summer of 1953 and 1954. Bull. Fac. Fish., 6, 85-124.
Mishin, V. M., T. Saifudinova, A. Bazarzhapov, C. T. Russell, W. Baumjohann, R. Nakamura, and M. Kubyshkina, 2001: Two distinct substorm onsets (Paper 2000JA900152). J. Geophy. Res., 106, 13,105-13,118.
Mishra, S. K. and V. B. Rao, 2001: The energetics of an upper tropospheric cyclonic vortex over north-east Brazil. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 2329-2352.
Mishra, S. K., V. B. Rao, and M. A. Gan, 2001: Structure and Evolution of the Large-Scale Flow and an Embedded Upper-Tropospheric Cyclonic Vortex over Northeast Brazil. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 1673-1688.
Miskolczi, F., 1994: Modeling of downward surface longwave flux density for global change applications and comparison with pyr-geometer measurements. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 11, 608-612.
Misra, P. K., 1980: Dispersion from tall stacks into shore line environment. Atmos. Environ, 14, 393-397.
Misra, P. K., W. H. Chan, D. Chung, and A. J. S. Tang, 1985: Scavenging ratios of acidic pollutants and their use in long-range transport models. Atmos. Environ., 19, 1471-1475.
Misra, V. and M. K. Yau, 2001: An ensemble strategy for high-resolution regional model forecasts. Meteor. Atmos. Phy., 78, 61-74.
Misumi, R., V. A. Bell, and R. J. Moore, 2001: River flow forecasting using a rainfall disaggregation model incorporating small-scale topographic effects. Meteor. App., 8, 297-306.
Mitchell, C. L., 1924: West Indian hurricanes and other tropical cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean. Mon. Wea. Rev., 24 (Suppl.), 47.
Mitchell, D. L., 1988: Evolution of snow-size spectra in cyclonic storms. Part I: Snow growth by vapor deposition and aggregation. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 3431-3451.
Mitchell, D. L., 1991: Evolution of snow-size spectra in cyclonic storms. Part II: Deviations from the exponential form. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1885-1899.
Mitchell, D. L., 1994: A model predicting the evolution of ice particle size spectra and radiative properties of cirrus clouds. Part I: Microphysics. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 797-816.
Mitchell, D. L., 1996: Use of massand area-dimensional power laws for determining precipitation particle terminal velocities. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1710-1723.
Mitchell, D. L., 2002: Effective Diameter in Radiation Transfer: General Definition, Applications, and Limitations. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2330-2346.
Mitchell, D. L. and E. M. Agee, 1977: A theoretical investigation of atmospheric convective modes as a function of Rayleigh number Prandtl number and eddy anisotropy. J. Meteor. Soc. Jpn., 55, 341-363.
Mitchell, D. L. and W. P. Arnott, 1994: A model predicting the evolution of ice particle size spectra and radiative properties of cirrus clouds. Part II: Dependence of absorption and extinction on ice crystal morphology. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 817-832.
Mitchell, D. L., W. P. Arnott, Y. Dong, J. Hallett, and K. Sassen, 1993: Are tropical cirrus brighter than midlatitude cirrus? Preprints, FIRE Cirrus Science Conf., Breckenridge, CO, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Mitchell, D. L., D. Ivanova, R. Rabin, T. J. Brown, and K. Redmond, 2002: Gulf of California Sea Surface Temperatures and the North American Monsoon: Mechanistic Implications from Observations. J. Climate, 15, 2261-2281.
Mitchell, D. L., J. E. Kristjansson, and M. J. Newman, 1994: Sensitivity of cirrus cloud radiative properties to ice crystal size and shape in GCM simulations. Preprints, Eighth Conf. on Atmospheric Radiation, Nashville, TN.
Mitchell, D. L., R. Zhang, and R. L. Pitter, 1990: Mass-dimensional relationships for ice particles and the influence of riming on snowfall rates. J. Appl. Meteor., 29, 153-163.
Mitchell, H. and J. Derome, 1983: Blocking-like solutions of the potential vorticity equation: Their stability at equilibrium and growth at resonance. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 2522-2536.
Mitchell, H. L., C. Charette, C. Chouinard, and B. Brasnett, 1990: Revised interpolation statistics for the Canadian data assimilation procedure: Their derivation and application. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1591-1614.
Mitchell, H. L., C. Charette, S. J. Lambert, J. Halle¥, and C. Choui-nard, 1993: The Canadian global data assimilation system: description and evaluation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1467-1492.
Mitchell, H. L., C. Chouinard, C. Charette, R. Hogue, and S. J. Lambert, 1996: Impact of a revised analysis algorithm on an operational data assimilation system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 1243-1255.
Mitchell, H. L. and P. L. Houtekamer, 2000: An Adaptive Ensemble Kalman Filter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 416-433.
Mitchell, J. F. and W. J. Ingram, 1992: Carbon dioxide and climate: Mechanisms of changes in cloud. J. Climate, 5, 5-21.
Mitchell, J. F. B., 1990: Greenhouse warming: Is the mid-Holocene a good analogue? J. Climate, 3, 1177-1192.
Mitchell, J. F. B., 1993: Modelling of palaeoclimates: Examples from the recent past. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 341, 267-275.
Mitchell, J. F. B., R. A. Davis, W. J. Ingram, and C. A. Senior, 1995: On surface temperature, greenhouse gases, and aerosols: Models and observations. J. Climate, 8, 2364-2386.
Mitchell, J. F. B., N. S. Grahame, and K. J. Needham, 1988: Climate simulations for 9000 years before present: Seasonal variations and effect of the Laurentide ice sheet. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 8283-8308.
Mitchell, J. F. B. and W. J. Ingram, 1992: Carbon dioxide and climate: Mechanisms of changes in cloud. J. Climate, 5, 5-21.
Mitchell, J. F. B., T. C. Johns, J. Gregory, and S. F. B. Tett, 1995: Climate response to increasing levels of greenhouse gases and sulphate aerosols. Nature, 376, 501-504.
Mitchell, J. F. B., T. Manabe, and V. Meleshko, 1990: Equilibrium climate change. Climate Change, IPCC Scientific Assessment, 131-171.
Mitchell, J. F. B., C. A. Senior, and W. J. Ingram, 1989: CO2 and climate: A missing feedback? Nature, 34, 132-134.
Mitchell, J. L., J. M. Dastugue, W. J. Teague, and Z. R. Hallock, 1990: The estimation of geoid profile in the northwest Atlantic from simultaneous satellite altimetry and airborne expendable bathythermograph sections. J. Geophys. Res., 95(C10), 17965-17977.
Mitchell, J. M. and Jr., 1966: Climate change. Tech. Note 79, World Meteorological Organization, 36-42.
Mitchell, J. M. and Jr., 1976: An overview of climate variability and its causal mechanisms. J. Quat. Res. N.Y., 6, 481-493.
Mitchell, K. E., G. J. DiMego, and T. L. Black, 1993: Case study on the impact of improved snow cover and sea ice on wintertime forecasts of NMC's regional NGM and ETA models. Proc. 13th Conf. of Weather Analysis and Forecasting. Vienna, VA, Amer. Meteor. Soc.
Mitchell, K. E. and J. B. Hovermale, 1977: A numerical investigation of the severe thunderstorm gust front. Mon. Wea. Rev., 105, 657-675.
Mitchell, M. J., R. W. Arritt, and K. Labas, 1995: A climatology of the warm season Great Plains low-level jet using wind profiler observations. Wea. Forecasting, 10, 576-591.
Mitchell, R. M., 1987: The effect of aerosol scattering on remote pressure measurement via the oxygen A-band absorption. Int. J. Remote Sens., 8, 1175-1188.
Mitchell, R. M. and D. M. O'Brien, 1987: Error estimates for passive satellite measurement of surface pressure using absorption in the A band of oxygen. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 1981-1990.
Mitchell, T. and J. M. Wallace, 1992: The annual cycle in equatorial convection and sea surface temperature. J. Climate, 5, 765-771.
Mitchell, T. P. and J. M. Wallace, 1992: Annual cycle in equatorial convection and sea surface temperature. J. Climate, 5, 1140-1152.
Mitchell, V. C., 1976: The regionalization of climate in the western United States. J. Appl. Meteor., 15, 920-927.
Mitchum, G. T. and R. Lukas, 1990: Westward propagation of annual sea level and wind signals in the western Pacific Ocean. J. Climate, 3, 1102-1110.
Mitra, S. K., H. R. Pruppacher, and J. Brinkmann, 1992: A windtunnel study on the drop-to particle conversion. J. Aerosol Sci., 23, 245-256.
Mitrescu, C. and G. L. Stephens, 2002: A New Method for Determining Cloud Transmittance and Optical Depth Using the ARM Micropulsed Lidar. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 19, 1073-1081.
Mitsumoto, S., H. Ueda, and H. Ozoe, 1983: A laboratory experiment on the dynamics of the land and sea breeze. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1228-1240.
Mitsuta, Y. and T. Fujitani, 1974: Direct measurement of turbulent fluxes on a cruising ship. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 6, 203-217.
Mitsuyasu, H., 1977: Measurement of the high-frequency spectrum of ocean surface waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 7, 882-891.
Mitsuyasu, H., 1985: A note on the momentum transfer from wind to waves. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 3343-3345.
Miura, Y., 1986: Aspect ratios of longitudinal rolls and convection cells observed during cold air outbreaks. J. Atmos. Sci, 43, 2639.
Miyahara, S., 1985: Suppression of stationary planetary waves by internal gravity waves in the mesosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 100-107.
Miyahara, S. and J. M. Forbes, 1991: Interactions between gravity waves and the diurnal tide in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 69, 523-531.
Miyahara, S., Y. Hayashi, and J. D. Mahlman, 1986: Interactions between gravity waves and planetary-scale flows simulated by the GFDL ''SKYHI'' general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 18441861. Morton.
Miyahara, S., Y. Hayashi, and J. D. Mahlman, 1986: Interactions between gravity waves and the planetary-scale flow simulated by the GFDL ''SKYHI'' general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1844-1861.
Miyake, M., R. W. Stewart, and R. W. Burling, 1970: Spectra and cospectra of turbulence over water. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 96, 138-143.
Miyakoda, K. and and, 1990: Subgrid scale physics in one-month forecasts. Part II: Systematic error in blocking forecasts. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1065-1081.
Miyakoda, K. and J.-P. Chao, 1982: Essay on dynamical long-range forecasts of atmospheric circulation. J. Meteor. Soc., Jpn., 60, 292-308.
Miyakoda, K., T. Gordon, R. Caverly, W. Stern, J. Sirutis, and W. Bourke, 1983: Simulation of a blocking event in January 1977. Mon. Wea. Rev., ill, 846869.
Miyakoda, K., G. D. Hembree, R. F. Strickler, and I. Shulman, 1972: Cumulative results of extended forecast experiments. 1. Model performance for winter cases. Mon. Wea. Rev., 100, 836-855.
Miyakoda, K., G. D. Hembree, R. F. Strickler, and I. Shulman, 1972: Cumulative results of extended forecast experiments. Part I: Model performance for winter cases. Mon. Wea. Rev., 100, 836-855.
Miyakoda, K. and R. Moyer, 1968: A method of initialization for dynamical weather forecasting. Tellus, 20, 115-128.
Miyakoda, K. and R. W. Moyer, 1968: A method for initialization for dynamical weather forecasting. Tellus, 20, 113-128.
Miyakoda, K. and A. Rosati, 1984: The variation of sea surface temperature in 1976 and 1977 2. The simulation with mixed layer models. J. Geophys. Res., 89, 6533-6542.
Miyakoda, K., J. Sheldon, and J. Sirutis, 1982: Four-dimensional analysis experiment during the GATE period. Part II. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 486-506.
Miyakoda, K. and J. Sirutis, 1977: Comparative integrations of global models with various parameterized processes of subgrid-scale vertical transports: Description of the parameterizations. Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 50, 445-488.
Miyakoda, K. and J. Sirutis, 1977: Comparative integrations of global models with various parameterized processes of subgrid-scale vertical transports: Description of the parameterizations. Contrib. Atmos. Phys. 50, 445-487.
Miyakoda, K. and J. Sirutis, 1977: Comparative integrations of global models with various parameterized processes of subgrid-scale vertical transports: Description of the parameterizations. Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 50, 445-487.
Miyakoda, K. and J. Sirutis, 1990: Subgrid scale physics in 1-month forecasts. Part II: Systematic error and blocking forecasts. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1065-1081.
Miyakoda, K., J. Sirutis, and J. Ploshay, 1986: One-month forecast experiments-without anomaly boundary forcing. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 2363-2401.
Miyakoda, K., J. Smagorinsky, R. F. Strickler, and G. D. Hembree, 1969: Experimental extended predictions with a nine-level hemispheric model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 97, 1-76.
Miyakoda, K., R. F. Stricker, and J. Chludinsky, 1978: Initialization with the data assimilation method. Tellus, 30, 32-54.
Miyakoda, K., R. F. Strickler, C. J. Nappo, P. L. Baker, and G. D. Hembree, 1971: The effect of horizontal grid resolution in an atmospheric circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 481-499.
Miyakoda, K., L. Umscheid, D. H. Lee, J. Sirutis, R. Lusen, and F. Pratte, 1976: The near-real-time, global, four-dimensional analysis experiment during the GATE period. Part I. J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 561-591.
Miyoshi, Y. and T. Hirooka, 1999: A Numerical Experiment of Excitation of the 5-Day Wave by a GCM. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1698-1707.
Mizuno, H., 1990: Parameterization of the accretion process between different precipitation elements. J. Meteor. Res. Japan, 68, 395-398.
Mizuno, K. and W. B. White, 1983: Annual and interannual variability in the Kuroshio Current system. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 1848-1869.
Mizuno, T., 1982: On the similarity of the characteristics of turbulence in an unstable boundary layer. Bound. Layer Meteor., 23, 69-83.
Mizuno, T. and H. Kondo, 1992: Generation of a local front and high levels of air pollution on the Kanto Plain in early winter. Atmos. Environ., 26A, 143-154.
Mizushima, J. and Y. Shiotani, 2000: Structural instability of the bifurcation diagram for two-dimensional flow in a channel with a sudden expansion. J. Fluid Mech., 131.
Mizushima, J. and Y. Shiotani, 2001: Transitions and instabilities of flow in a symmetric channel with a suddenly expanded and contracted part. J. Fluid Mech., 434, 355-370.
Mizzi, A. P. and R. A. Pielke, 1984: A numerical study of the mesoscale atmospheric circulation observed during a coastal upwelling event on August 23, 1972. Part I: Sensitivity studies. Mon. Wea. Rev.
Mizzi, A. P. and R. A. Pielke, 1984: A numerical study of the mesoscale atmospheric circulation observed during a coastal upwelling event on 23 August 1972. I. Sensitivity studies. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 76-90.
Mo, K., 1992: Impact of SST anomalies on the skill of seasonal forecasts and northern summer monsoons. J. Climate, 5, 1249-1266.
Mo, K., M. Kanamitsu, and S.-y. Hong, 2000: Ensemble regional and global climate prediction for the 1997/1998 winter. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 29609.
Mo, K. C., 1986: Quasi-stationary states in the Southern Hemisphere. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 808-823.
Mo, K. C., 1999: Alternating Wet and Dry Episodes over California and Intraseasonal Oscillations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 2759-2776.
Mo, K. C., 2000: Relationships between Low-Frequency Variability in the Southern Hemisphere and Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies. J. Climate, 13, 3599.
Mo, K. C., 2000: The Association between Intraseasonal Oscillations and Tropical Storms in the Atlantic Basin. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 4097.
Mo, K. C., 2001: Adaptive Filtering and Prediction of Intraseasonal Oscillations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 802.
Mo, K. C. and M. Ghil, 1988: Cluster analysis of multiple planetary flow regimes. J. Geophys. Res., 93D, 10927-10952.
Mo, K. C. and S. Hakkinen, 2001: Interannual Variability in the Tropical Atlantic and Linkages to the Pacific. J. Climate, 14, 2740-2762.
Mo, K. C. and R. W. Higgins, 1996: Large-scale atmospheric moisture transport as evaluated from the NCEP/ NCAR and the NASA/ DAO reanalyses. J. Climate, in press.
Mo, K. C. and R. W. Higgins, 1998: The Pacific-South American Modes and Tropical Convection during the Southern Hemisphere Winter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 1581-1596.
Mo, K. C. and E. Kalnay, 1991: Impact of sea surface temperature anomalies on the skill of monthly forecasts. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 2771-2793.
Mo, K. C. and V. E. Kousky, 1993: Further analysis of the relationship between circulation anomaly patterns and tropical convection. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 5103-5113.
Mo, K. C. and R. E. Livezey, 1986: Tropical-extratropical geopotential height teleconnections during the Northern Hemisphere winter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 2488-2515.
Mo, K. C. and J. N. Paegle, 2000: Influence of Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies on the Precipitation Regimes over the Southwest United States. J. Climate, 13, 3588.
Mo, K. C., J. N. Paegle, and J. Paegle, 1995: Physical mechanisms of the 1993 floods. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 879-895.
Mo, K. C., J. Pfaendtner, and E. Kalnay, 1987: A GCM study on the maintenance of the June 1982 blocking in the Southern Hemisphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 1123-1142.
Mo, K. C., X. L. Wang, R. Kistler, M. Kanamitsu, and E. Kalnay, 1995: Impact of satellite data on the CDAS-reanalysis system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 124-139.
Mo, K. C. and G. H. White, 1985: Teleconnections in the Southern Hemisphere. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 22-37.
Mo, K.-C. and M. Ghil, 1988: Cluster analysis of multiple planetary flow regimes. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 10927-10952.
Mo, K.-C., J. Nogues-Paegle, and J. Paegle, 1995: Physical mechanisms of the 1993 summer floods. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 879-895.
Mo, K.-C., J. R. Zimmerman, E. Kalnay, and M. Kanamitsu, 1991: A GCM study of the 1988 United States drought. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 1512-1532.
Mo, R. and D. M. Straus, 2002: Statistical-Dynamical Seasonal Prediction Based on Principal Component Regression of GCM Ensemble Integrations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 2167-2187.
Mo, T., M. D. Goldberg, D. S. Crosby, and Z. Cheng, 2001: Recalibration of the NOAA microwave sounding unit (Paper 2001JD900027). J. Geophy. Res., 106, 10,145-10,150.
Mo, X. C. and X. Wang, 1994: The global climate of June-August 1992: Warm ENSO episode decays and colder than normal conditions dominate the Northern Hemisphere. J. Climate, 7, 335-357.
Mo® lders, N., H. Hass, H. J. Jakobs, M. Laube, and A. Ebel, 1994: Some effects of different cloud parameterizations in a mesoscale model and a chemistry transport model. J. Appl. Meteor., 33, 527-545.
Mo® lders, N., M. Laube, and G. Kramm, 1995: On the parameterization of ice microphysics in a mesoscale a weather forecast model. Atmos. Res., 38, 207-235.
Mo® rl, P., M. E. Reinhardt, E. Renger, and R. Schellhase, 1991: The use of the airborne lidar system ''ALexF 1'' for aerosol tracing in the lower troposphere. Beitr. Phys. Atmos., 54, 403-410.
Mobbs, S. D. and M. S. Darby, 1989: A general method for the linear stability analysis of stratified shear flows. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 115, 915-939.
Mock, C. J., 1991: Drought and precipitation fluctuations in the Great Plains during the late nineteenth century. Great Plains Res., 1, 26-57.
Mock, C. J., 1994: Synoptic climatological aspects of late-Quaternary paleoclimates of the western United States. Preprints, Sixth Conf. on Climate Variations, Nashville, TN.
Mocko, D. M. and W. R. Cotton, 1995: Evaluation of fractional cloudiness parameterizations for use in a mesoscale model. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2884-2901.
Model Reports, H. A. R. R., D. L. Porter, and A. R. Robinson, 1991: Synthetic geoid validation of Geosat mesoscale dynamic topography in the Gulf Stream region. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 7145-7166.
Model Reports, H. U., Cambridge, MA., and C. C. Ebbesmeyer, 1994: The structure and propagation of a frontal eddy cold dome along the North Carolina shelf. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 5029-5046.
model results. J. Climate. Beljaars, A. C. M., 1995: The parameterization of surface fluxes in large scale models under free convection. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Tech. Memo. 215. 19.
Modica, G. D., D. W. Johnson, and R. M. Rasmussen, 1994: Application of an explicit microphysics mesoscale model to a regional icing event. J. Appl. Meteor., 33, 53-64.
Moeleker, P. and A. Leonard, 2001: Lagrangian Methods for the Tensor-Diffusivity Subgrid Model. J. Comp. Phys., 167, 1.
Moeller, C. C., O. K. Huh, H. H. Roberts, L. E. Gumley, and W. P. Menzel, 1993: Response of Louisiana coastal environments to a cold front passage. J. Coastal Res., 9, 434-447.
Moeng, C.-H., 1984: A large-eddy-simulation model for the study of planetary boundary layer turbulence. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2052-2062.
Moeng, C.-H., 1986: A large eddy simulation of the stratus-topped boundary layer. Part I: Structure and budgets. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 2886-2900.
Moeng, C.-H., 1993: Stratus-topped boundary-layer parameterizations in large-scale models. Proc. ECMWF Workshop on Parameterization of the Cloud Topped Boundary Layer, Reading, U. K.
Moeng, C.-H. and Coauthors, 1995: Simulation of a stratocumulus-topped PBL: Intercomparison among different numerical codes. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 76, 261-278.
Moeng, C.-H., D. Lenschow, and D. A. Randall, 1995: Numerical investigations of the roles of radiative and evaporative feedbacks in stratocumulus entrainment and breakup. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2870Ò28-83.
Moeng, C.-H. and R. Rotunno, 1990: Vertical velocity skewness in the boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 1149-1162.
Moeng, C.-H., S. Shen, and D. Randall, 1992: Physical processes within the nocturnal stratus-topped boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 1284-2401.
Moeng, C.-H. and P. P. Sullivan, 1994: A comparison of shear and buoyancy driven planetary boundary layer flows. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 999-1022.
Moeng, C.-H., P. P. Sullivan, and B. Stevens, 1999: Including Radiative Effects in an Entrainment Rate Formula for Buoyancy-Driven PBLs. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1031-1049.
Moeng, C.-H. and J. C. Wyngaard, 1984: Statistics of conservative scalars in the convective boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 3161-2062.
Moeng, C.-H. and J. C. Wyngaard, 1988: Spectral analysis of large-eddy simulations of the convective boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 3573-3587.
Moeng, C.-H. and J. C. Wyngaard, 1989: Evaluation of turbulent transport and dissipation closures in secondorder modeling. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 2311-2330.
Moffatt, H. K. and A. Sellier, 2002: Migration of an insulating particle under the action of uniform ambient electric and magnetic fields. Part 1. General theory. J. Fluid Mech., 464, 279-286.
Mogil, H. M. and W. D. Bonner, 1971: On the use of surface observations in boundary-layer analysis. Preprints, 7th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Kansas City, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 7-12.
Mogil, H. M., M. Rush, and M. Kutka, 1977: Lightning-An update. Preprints, 10th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Omaha, NE.
Mogil, H. M., A. Stern, and R. Hagen, 1984: The great freeze of '83analyzing the causes. Weatherwise, 37, 304-308.
Mohalfi, S., H. S. Bedi, T. N. Krishnamurti, and S. D. Cocke, 1998: Impact of Shortwave Radiative Effects of Dust Aerosols on the Summer Season Heat Low over Saudi Arabia. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 3153-3168.
Mohan, L. S., K. K. Rao, and P. R. Nott, 2002: A frictional Cosserat model for the slow shearing of granular materials. J. Fluid Mech., 457, 377-409.
Mohanty, U. C., W. A. Heckley, and K. J. Ramesh, 1995: A study on the systematic errors of the tropical forecasts: Influence of physical processes. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 55, 151-166.
Mohanty, U. C., A. Kasahara, and R. Errico, 1986: The impact of diabatic heating on the initialization of a global forecast model. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 64, 805-817.
Mohebalhojeh, A. R., 2002: On shallow-water potential-vorticity inversion by Rossby-number expansions. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 128, 679-694.
Mohebalhojeh, A. R. and D. G. Dritschel, 2000: On the representation of gravity waves in numerical models of the shallow-water equations. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 669.
Mohnen, V. A. and J. A. Kadlecek, 1989: Cloud chemistry research at Whiteface Mountain. Tellus, 41B, 79-91.
Mohr, C. G., 1988: CEDRIC - Cartesian Space Data Processor. NCAR, 78 pp.
Mohr, C. G. and L. J. Miller, 1983: CEDRIC-a software package for Cartesian space editing synthesis and display of radar fields under interactive control. Preprints, 21st Conf. on Radar Meteor., Edmonton, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 559-574.
Mohr, C. G., L. J. Miller, R. L. Vaughn, and H. W. Frank, 1986: The merger of mesoscale datasets into a common Cartesian format for efficient and systematic analysis. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 3, 143-161.
Mohr, C. G. and R. L. Vaughan, 1979: An economical procedure for Cartesian interpolation and display of reflectivity data in three-dimensional space. J. Meteor. Soc., 18, 661-670.
Mohring, W., 2001: Energy conservation, time-reversal invariance and reciprocity in ducts with flow. J. Fluid Mech., 223.
Mohseni, K., H. Ran, and T. Colonius, 2001: Numerical experiments on vortex ring formation. J. Fluid Mech., 267.
Moin, P. and J. Kim, 1982: Numerical investigation of turbulent channel flow. J. Fluid Mech., 118, 341-377.
Moin, P. and R. D. Moser, 1989: Characteristic-eddy decomposition of turbulence in a channel. J. Fluid Mech., 200, 471-509.
Moini, R., B. Kordi, and V. A. Rakov, 2000: A new lighting return stroke model based on atenna theory. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 29693.
Moinier, P. and M. B. Giles, 2002: Stability Analysis of Preconditioned Approximations of the Euler Equations on Unstructured Meshes. J. Comp. Phy., 178, 498-519.
Mojena, R., 1977: Hierarchical grouping methods and stopping rules: An evaluation. Comput. J., 20, 359-363.
Mokhov, I. I. and and, 1994: Analysis of global cloudiness. 2: Comparison of ground-based and satellite-based climatologies. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 17045-17065.
Mokhov, I. I. and Coauthors, 1994: Comparison of general circulation models: Diagnostic of intraannual cloudiness evo- lution (in Russian). Phys. Atmos. Ocean, 30, 527Ò542 [English translation in Phys. Atmos. Ocean.
Mokhov, I. I. and M. E. Schlesinger, 1993: Analysis of global cloud-iness. 1: Comparison of ISCCP, Meteor and Nimbus 7 satellite data. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 12849-12868.
Moldovan, H., F. Lott, and H. Teitelbaum, 2002: Wave breaking and critical levels for propagating inertio-gravity waves in the lower stratosphere. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 128, 713-732.
Molemaker, M. J. and J. V.-G. d. Arellano, 1998: Control of Chemical Reactions by Convective Turbulence in the Boundary Layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 568-579.
Molenkamp, C. R., 1968: Accuracy of finite difference methods applied to the advection equation. J. Appl. Meteor., 7, 160-167.
Moler, C. B. and G. W. Stewart, 1973: An algorithm for generalized matrix eigenvalue problems. SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 10, 241-256.
Molin, B., 2001: On the piston and sloshing modes in moonpools. J. Fluid Mech., 27.
Molinari, J., 1982: A method for calculating the effects of deep cumulus convection in numerical models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 1527-1534.
Molinari, J., 1982: Numerical hurricane prediction using assimilation of remotely-sensed rainfall rates. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 553571.
Molinari, J., 1982: Numerical hurricane prediction using remotely-sensed rainfall rates. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 553-571.
Molinari, J., 1985: A general form of Kuo's cumulus parameterization. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 1411-1416.
Molinari, J., 1985: A general form of Kuo's cumulus parameteriza-tion. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 1411-1416.
Molinari, J. and T. Corsetti, 1985: Incorporation of cloud-scale and mesoscale downdrafts into a cumulus parameterization: Results of one- and three-dimensional integrations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 485-501.
Molinari, J. and M. Dudek, 1986: Implicit versus explicit convective heating in numerical weather prediction models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 1822-1831.
Molinari, J. and M. Dudek, 1992: Prameterization of convective heating in numerical weather prediction models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 1822-1831.
Molinari, J. and M. Dudek, 1992: Prameterization of convective precipitation in mesoscale numerical models: A critical review. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 326-344.
Molinari, J. and M. Dudek, 1992: Parameterization of convective precipitation in mesoscale numerical models. A critical review. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 326-344. Parsons.
Molinari, J., D. Knight, M. Dickinson, D. Vollaro, and S. Skubis, 1997: Potential Vorticity, Easterly Waves, and Eastern Pacific Tropical Cyclogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 2699-2708.
Molinari, J., P. Moore, and V. Idone, 1999: Convective Structure of Hurricanes as Revealed by Lightning Locations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 520-534.
Molinari, J. and S. Skubis, 1988: Calculation of consistent flux and advective terms from adjusted vertical profiles of divergence. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 1829-1837.
Molinari, J., S. Skubis, and D. Vollaro, 1995: External influences on hurricane intensity. Part III: Potential vorticity structure. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 3593-3606.
Molinari, J., S. Skubis, D. Vollaro, F. Alsheimer, and H. E. Willoughby, 1998: Potential Vorticity Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Intensification. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2632-2644.
Molinari, J. and D. Vollaro, 1989: External influences on hurricane intensity. Part I: Outflow layer eddy angular momentum fluxes. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1093-1105.
Molinari, J. and D. Vollaro, 1990: External influences on hurricane intensity. Part II: Vertical structure and response of the hurricane vortex. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 1902-1918.
Molinari, J. and D. Vollaro, 2000: Planetary- and Synoptic-Scale Influences on Eastern Pacific Tropical Cyclogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 3296.
Molinari, J., D. Vollaro, S. Skubis, and M. Dickinson, 2000: Origins and Mechanisms of Eastern Pacific Tropical Cyclogenesis: A Case Study. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 125-139.
Molinari, R., D. Olson, and G. Reverdin, 1990: Surface current distributions in the tropical Indian Ocean derived from compilations of surface buoy trajectories. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 7217- 72-38.
Molinari, R. L., 1983: STACS: Subtropical Atlantic Climate Studies. Eos. Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 64, 3-5.
Molinari, R. L., D. Battisti, K. Bryan, and J. Walsh, 1994: The Atlantic Climate Change Program. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75, 1191-1199.
Molinari, R. L., J. F. Festa, and D. W. Behringer, 1978: The circulation of the Gulf of Mexico derived from estimated dynamic height fields. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 8, 987-996.
Molinari, R. L., E. Johns, and J. F. Festa, 1990: The annual cycle of meridional heat flux in the Atlantic Ocean at 26.57N. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 476-482.
Molinari, R. L., D. B. Olson, and G. Reverdin, 1990: Surface current distribution in the tropical Indian Ocean derived from compilation of surface buoy trajectories. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 7217-7238.
Molinari, R. L., W. D. Wilson, and K. Leaman, 1985: Volume and heat transports of the Florida Current: April 1982 through August 1983. Science, 227, 292-294.
Moll, R., T. Johengen, A. Bratkovich, J. Saylor, L. Meadow, and G. Pernie, 1993: Vernal thermal fronts in large lakes: A case study from Lake Michigan. Verh. Int. Ver. Theor. Angew. Limnol., 25, 65-68.
Moller, A. R., C. A. D. III, M. P. Foster, and G. R. Woodall, 1994: The operational recognition of supercell environments and storm structures. Wea. Forecasting, 9, 327-347.
Moller, A. R., C. A. D. III, and R. Przybylinski, 1990: Highprecipitation supercells: A conceptual model and documentation. Preprints, 16th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Kananaskis Park, AB.
Möller, J. D. and S. C. Jones, 1998: Potential Vorticity Inversion for Tropical Cyclones Using the Asymmetric Balance Theory. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 259-282.
Möller, J. D. and M. T. Montgomery, 1999: Vortex Rossby Waves and Hurricane Intensification in a Barotropic Model. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1674-1687.
Moller, J. D. and L. J. Shapiro, 2002: Balanced Contributions to the Intensification of Hurricane Opal as Diagnosed from a GFDL Model Forecast. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 1866-1881.
Mollo-Christensen, E. and A. Ramamonjiarisoa, 1978: Modeling the presence of wave groups in a random wave field. J. Geophys. Res., 83, 4117-4122.
Molnar, G. and J. A. C. Jr., 1985: Retrieval of cloud cover from satellite imagery data: A statistical approach. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 12960-12970.
Molnar, P. and J. A. Ramirez, 2001: Recent Trends in Precipitation and Streamflow in the Rio Puerco Basin. J. Climate, 14, 2317-2328.
Molod, A., H. M. Helfand, and L. L. Takacs, 1995: The climatology of parameterized physical processes in the GEOS-1 GCM and their impact on the GEOS-1 data assimilation system. J. Cli-mate, in press.
Molod, A., H. M. Helfand, and L. L. Takacs, 1995: The climatology of parameterized physical processes in the GEOS-1 GCM and their representation in the GEOS-1 data assimilation system. J.
Molod, A., H. M. Helfand, and L. L. Takacs, 1996: The climatology of parameterized physical processes in the GEOS-1 GCM and their impact on the GEOS-1 data assimilation system. J. Climate, 9, 764-785.
Molteni, F., 1996: On the dynamics of planetary flow regimes. Part I: The role of high-frequency transients. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1950-1971.
Molteni, F., 1996: On the dynamics of planetary flow regimes. Part II: Results from a hierarchy of orographically forced models. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1972-1992.
Molteni, F. and R. Buizza, 1999: Validation of the ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System Using Empirical Orthogonal Functions. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 2346-2358.
Molteni, F., R. Buizza, C. Marsigli, A. Montani, F. Nerozzi, and T. Paccagnella, 2001: A strategy for high-resolution ensemble prediction. I: Definition of representative members and global-model experiments. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 2069-2094.
Molteni, F., R. Buizza, T. N. Palmer, and T. Petroliagis, 1996: The ECMWF ensemble prediction system: Methodology and validation. Qyart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 122, 73-119.
Molteni, F., L. Ferranti, T. N. Palmer, and P. Viterbo, 1993: A dynamical interpretation of the global response to equatorial Pacific SST anomalies. J. Climate, 6, 777-795.
Molteni, F. and T. N. Palmer, 1992: Predictability and finite-time instability of the Northern winter circulation. Quart. J. Roy. Me-teor. Soc., 119, 269-298.
Molteni, F. and T. N. Palmer, 1993: Predictability and finite-time instability of the northern winter circulation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 119, 269-298.
Molteni, F., S. Tibaldi, and T. N. Palmer, 1990: Regimes in the wintertime circulation over the Northern extratropics. Part I: Observational evidence. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 116, 31-67.
Molteni, F., S. Tibaldi, and T. N. Palmer, 1990: Regimes in the wintertime circulation over northern extratropics. I: Observational evidence. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 116, 31-67.
Molz, E. and I. Remson, 1970: Extraction of term models of soil moisture use by transp~nng plants. Water Resour. Res., 6, 1346-1356.
Monaldo, F., 1988: Expected differences between buoy and radar altimeter estimates of wind speed and significant wave height and their implications on buoyaltimeter comparisons. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 2285-2302.
Monaldo, F. M., T. D. Sikora, S. M. Babin, and R. E. Sterner, 1997: Satellite Imagery of Sea Surface Temperature Cooling in the Wake of Hurricane Edouard (1996). Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 2716-2721.
Moncrieff, M. W., 1978: The dynamical structure of two-dimensional steady convection in constant vertical shear. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 104, 543-567.
Moncrieff, M. W., 1981: A theory of organized steady convection and its transport properties. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 107, 29-50.
Moncrieff, M. W., 1985: Steady convection in pressure coordinates. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 111, 8S7-866.
Moncrieff, M. W., 1989: Analytical models of narrow cold-frontal rainbands and related phenomena. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 150-162.
Moncrieff, M. W., 1992: Organized mesoscale convective systems: archetypal dynamical models, mass and momentum flux theory and parameterization. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 118, 819-850.
Moncrieff, M. W., 1992: Organised mesoscale convective systems: archetypal dynamical models, mass and momentum flux theory, and parameterization. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 118, 819-850.
Moncrieff, M. W., 1995: Mesoscale convection from a large-scale perspective. Atmos. Res., 35, 87-112.
Moncrieff, M. W. and J. S. A. Green, 1972: The propagation and transfer properties of study convective overturning in shear. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc., 98, 336-352.
Moncrieff, M. W. and J. S. A. Green, 1972: The propagation and transfer properties of steady convective overturning in shear. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 98, 336-352.
Moncrieff, M. W. and E. Klinker, 1996: Organized convective systems in the tropical western Pacific as a process in general circulation models: A TOGA COARE case study. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 122.
Moncrieff, M. W. and C. Liu, 1999: Convection Initiation by Density Currents: Role of Convergence, Shear, and Dynamical Organization. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 2455-2464.
Moncrieff, M. W. and M. J. Miller, 1976: A theory of organized steady convection and its transport properties. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 102, 373-394.
Moncrieff, M. W. and M. J. Miller, 1976: The dynamics and simulation of tropical cumulonimbus and squall lines. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 102, 373-394.
Moncrieff, M. W. and D. K. So, 1989: A hydrodynamic theory of conservative bounded density currents. J. Fluid Mech., 198, 177-197.
Moncrieff, M. W. and D. W. K. So, 1989: A hydrodynamical theory of conservative bounded density currents. J. Fluid. Mech., 198, 177-197.
Monge, J. L., R. S. Kandel, L. A. Pakhomov, and V. I. Adasko, 1991: ScaRaB earth radiation budget scanning radiometer. Metrolo-gia, 28, 261-264.
Monica, A. and P. Prasad, 2001: Propagation of a curved weak shock. J. Fluid Mech., 434, 119-152.
Monin, A. C. and A. M. Yaglom, 1967: Statistical Hydromechanics. Part 2. Izdatelstvo Nauka, 720.
Monin, A. S., 1965: On the symmetry properties of turbulence in the surface layer of air. Izu. Atmos. Oceanic Phys. 1. 45-54.
Monin, A. S. and A. M. Obukhov, 1954: Basic laws of mixing in the ground layer of the atmosphere. Tr. Geofiz Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 151, 163-187.
Monin, A. S. and A. M. Yaglom, 1971: Statistical Fluid Mechanics. Mechanics of Turbulence, The MIT Press, 769 pp.
Monine, P., A. Chedin, and N. A. Scott, 1987: Automatic classification of air mass type from satellite vertical sounding data: Application to NOAA-7 observations. Ocean-Air Interactions, 1, 95-108.
Moninger, W. R., 1990: Summary report on the third workshop on artificial-intelligence research in environmental science (AIR-IES89) : 2-4 May 1989, Tysons Corner, Virginia. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 71, 672-679.
Moninger, W. R. and R. A. Kropfli, 1987: A technique to measure entrainment in cloud by dual-polarization radar and chaff. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 4, 75-83.
Monismith, S. G. and T. Maxworthy, 1989: Selective withdrawal and spin-up of a rotating stratified fluid. J. Fluid Mech., 199, 377-401.
Monji, N., 1973: Budgets of turbulent kinetic energy and temperature variance in the transition zone from forced to free convection. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 51, 133-145.
Monk, P. and K. Parrott, 2001: Phase-Accuracy Comparisons and Improved Far-Field Estimates for 3-D Edge Elements on Tetrahedral Meshes. J. Comp. Phy., 170, 614-641.
Monopolis, G. M. and M. A. Danaczko, 1989: Installation model tests of a Gulf of Mexico compliant tower. Proc. 21st Offshore Technology Conf., Houston, TX.
Monrovia, C. C., M. C., and A. A. Poli, 1992: An intercomparison of semi empirical diffusion models under low windspeed, stable conditions. Atmos. Environ., 26A, 765-774.
Monserrat, S. and C. Ramis, 1990: Dynamic stability of a three-layer model with discontinuous profiles of wind and temperature. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2108-2114.
Monserrat, S. and A. J. Thorpe, 1992: Gravity wave observations using an array of microbarographs in the Balearic islands. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 118, 259-282.
Monteith, J. L., 1965: Evaporation and environment. Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol., 19, 205-234.
Monteith, J. L., 1973: Principles of Environmental Physics. Edward Arnold Limited, 241.
Monteith, J. L., 1975: Vegetation and the Atmosphere. Vol. I: Principles. Academic Press, 278 pp.
Monteith, J. L., 1975: Vegetation and the Atmosphere. Vol. I: Case Studies. Academic Press, 439 pp.
Monteith, J. L., 1981: Evaporation and surface temperature. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 107, 1-27.
Montero, R. S., I. M. Llorente, and M. D. Salas, 2001: Robust Multigrid Algorithms for the Navier-Stokes Equations. J. Comput. Phy., 173, 412-432.
Monteverdi, J. P., W. Blier, G. Stumpf, W. Pi, and K. Anderson, 2001: First WSR-88D Documentation of an Anticyclonic Supercell with Anticyclonic Tornadoes: The Sunnyvale-Los Altos, California, Tornadoes of 4 May 1998. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 2805-2814.
Monteverdi, J. P., S. A. Braun, and T. C. Trimble, 1988: Funnel clouds in the San Joaquin Valley, California. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 782-789.
Monteverdi, J. P. and J. Quadros, 1994: Convective and rotational parameters associated with three tornado episodes in northern and central California. Wea. Forecasting, 9, 285-300.
Montgomery, M. T. and and, 1992: Polar low dynamics. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 2484-2505.
Montgomery, M. T. and J. Enagonio, 1998: Tropical Cyclogenesis via Convectively Forced Vortex Rossby Waves in a Three-Dimensional Quasigeostrophic Model. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 3176-3207.
Montgomery, M. T. and B. F. Farrel, 1991: Moist surface frontogenesis associated with interior potential vorticity anomalies in a semigeostrophic model. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 343-367.
Montgomery, M. T. and B. F. Farrell, 1991: Moist surface frontogenesis associated with interior potential vorticity anomalies in a semigeostrophic model. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 344-367.
Montgomery, M. T. and B. F. Farrell, 1993: Tropical cyclone formation. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 285-310.
Montgomery, M. T. and J. L. Franklin, 1998: An Assessment of the Balance Approximation in Hurricanes. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2193-2200.
Montgomery, M. T. and C. Lu, 1997: Free Waves on Barotropic Vortices. Part I: Eigenmode Structure. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1868-1885.
Montgomery, M. T., J. D. Möller, and C. T. Nicklas, 1999: Linear and Nonlinear Vortex Motion in an Asymmetric Balance Shallow Water Model. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 749-768.
Montgomery, R. B., 1937: A suggested method for representing gra-dient flow in isentropic surfaces. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 18, 210-212.
Montgomery, R. B., 1940: The present evidence on the importance of lateral mixing processes in the ocean. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 21, 87-94.
Monti, P., H. J. S. Fernando, M. Princevac, W. C. Chan, T. A. Kowalewski, and E. R. Pardyjak, 2002: Observations of Flow and Turbulence in the Nocturnal Boundary Layer over a Slope. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2513-2534.
Montmerle, T., A. Caya, and I. Zawadzki, 2001: Simulation of a Midlatitude Convective Storm Initialized with Bistatic Doppler Radar Data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 1949-1967.
Montmerle, T., J.-P. Lafore, and J.-L. Redelsperger, 2000: Tropical Squall Line Observed during TOGA COARE: Extended Comparisons between Simulations and Doppler Radar Data and the Role of Midlevel Wind Shear. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 3709.
Montroy, D. L., 1994: On the relation of central and eastern North American precipitation to the El Ninò o/ Southern Oscillation. Proc. 18th Annual Climate Diagnostics Workshop, Boulder, CO, Climate Prediction Center/ NCEP.
Montroy, D. L., 1996: On the linear relation of central and eastern North American precipitation to tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies. J. Climate, in press.
Moody, J. L. and J. N. Galloway, 1988: Quantifying the relationship between atmospheric transport and the chemical composition of precipitation on Bermuda. Tellus, 40B, 463-479.
Moody, J. L. and P. J. Samson, 1989: The influence of atmospheric transport on precipitation chemistry at two sites in the midwestern United States. Atmos. Environ., 23, 2117-2132.
Mooers, C. N. K., 1973: A technique for the cross spectrum analysis of pairs of complex valued time series, with emphasis on properties of polarized components and rotational invariants. Deep-Sea Res., 20, 1129-1141.
Mooers, C. N. K., 1975: Several effects of a baroclinic current on the cross-stream propagation of inertial-internal waves. Geophys. Fluid Dyn., 6, 245-275.
Mooers, C. N. K., A. R. Robinson, and J. D. Thompson, 1986: Ocean prediction workshop 1986. A status and prospectus Report on the scientific basis and the navy's needs. Proc. Ocean Prediction Workshop, Parts I and II, Cambridge.
Mooley, D. A., B. Parthasarathy, and G. B. Pant, 1986: Relationships between Indian summer monsoon rainfall and location of the ridge at the 500-mb level along 757E. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 25, 633-640.
Moore, A., 1991: Data assimilation in a quasigeostrophic open ocean model of the Gulf Stream region using the adjoint method. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 398-427.
Moore, A. M., 1991: Data assimilation in a quasi-geostrophic open-ocean model of the Gulf Stream region using the adjoint method. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 398-427.
Moore, A. M., N. S. Cooper, and D. L. T. A. M, 1987: Initialization and data assimilation in models of the Indian Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 1965-1977.
Moore, A. M. and B. F. Farrell, 1993: Rapid perturbation growth on spatially and temporally varying oceanic flows determined using an adjoint method: Application to the Gulf Stream. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 1682-1702.
Moore, A. M. and H. B. Gordon, 1994: An investigation of climate drift in a coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea ice model. Climate Dyn., 10, 81-95.
Moore, A. M. and C. J. Reason, 1993: The response of a global ocean general circulation model to climatological surface boundary conditions for temperature and salinity. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 300-327.
Moore, A. M. and C. J. C. Reason, 1993: The response of a global ocean general circulation model to climatological surface boundary conditions for temperature and salinity. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 300-328.
Moore, C. B., 1976: Theories of thunderstorm electrification: Reply. Quart J. Roy. Met. Soc., 102, 225-240.
Moore, C. J., 1986: Frequency response corrections for eddy correlation systems. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 37, 17-35. Munger.
Moore, D. R., J. Toomre, E. Knobloch, and N. O. Weiss, 1983: Period doubling and chaos in partial differential equations for thermoso-lutal convection. Nature, 303, 663-667.
Moore, D. R. and N. O. Weiss, 1973: Two-dimensional RayleighBe¥nard convection. J. Fluid Mech., 58, 289-312.
Moore, D. W., 1963: Rossby waves in ocean circulation. Deep-Sea Res., 10, 735-748.
Moore, D. W., 1968: Planetary-gravity waves in an equatorial ocean. Ph. D. thesis. Harvard University, 207.
Moore, D. W., P. Hisard, J. P. McCreary, J. Merle, J. J. O'Brien, J. Picaut, J.-M. Verstrate, and C. Wunsch, 1978: Equatorial adjustment in the eastern Atlantic. Geophys. Res. Lett., 5, 637-640.
Moore, D. W. and P. P. Niiler, 1974: A two-layer model for the separation of inertial boundary currents. J. Mar. Res., 32, 457-484.
Moore, G. E., C. Daly, and M. K. Liu, 1987: Modeling of mountainvalley wind fields in the southern San Jaoquin Valley, California. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 26, 1230-1242.
Moore, G. W. K. and W. R. Peltier, 1987: Cyclogenesis in frontal zones. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 384-409.
Moore, G. W. K. and I. A. Renfrew, 2002: An Assessment of the Surface Turbulent Heat Fluxes from the NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis over the Western Boundary Currents. J. Climate, 15, 2020-2037.
Moore, J. T., 1988: Isentropic Analysis and Interpretation: Operational Applications to Synoptic and Mesoscale Forecast Problems. Monogr. Saint Louis University, 85.
Moore, J. T. and P. D. Blakely, 1988: The role of frontogenetical forcing and conditional symmetric instability in the Midwest snowstorm of 30-31 January 1982. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 2155-2171.
Moore, J. T. and H. E. Fuelberg, 1981: A synoptic analysis of the first AYE-SESAME 1979 period. Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc., 62, 1577-1590.
Moore, J. T. and T. E. Lambert, 1993: The use of equivalent potential vorticity to diagnose regions of conditional symmetric instability. Wea. Forecasting, 8, 301-308.
Moore, J. T., S. M. Nolan, F. H. Glass, D. L. Ferry, and S. M. Rochette, 1995: Flash flood-producing highprecipitation supercells in Missouri. Preprints, 14th Conf. on Weather Analysis and Forecasting, Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., (J4)7-12.
Moore, J. T. and G. E. VanKnowe, 1992: The effect of jet-streak curvature on kinematic fields. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 2429-2441.
Moore, K. D., J. S. Jaffe, and B. L. Ochoa, 2000: Development of a New Underwater Bathymetric Laser Imaging System: L-Bath. J. Atmos. Ocean Tech., 17, 1106.
Moore, N. and S. Rojstaczer, 2001: Irrigation-Induced Rainfall and the Great Plains. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 1297-1309.
Moore, R. D. and I. F. Owens, 1984: Controls on advective snowmelt in a maritime alpine basin. J. Appl. Meteor., 23, 135-141.
Moore, R. W. and T. H. V. Haar, 2001: Interannual Variability of Cloud Forcing and Meridional Energy Transport for the Northern Hemisphere Winter from 1984 to 1990. J. Clim., 14, 3643-3654.
Moores, W. H., 1982: Direct measurements of radiative and turbulence flux convergencies in the lowest 1000 m of the convective boundary layer. Bound. Layer Meteorol, 22, 283-294.
Moorthi, S., 1997: NWP Experiments with a Gridpoint Semi-Lagrangian Semi-Implicit Global Model at NCEP. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 74-98.
Moorthi, S., R. W. Higgins, and J. R. Bates, 1995: A global multi-level atmospheric model using a vector semi-Lagrangian finite difference scheme. Part I: Version with physics. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 1523-1541.
Moorthi, S. and M. J. Suarez, 1992: Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert: A parameterization of moist convection for general circulation models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 978-1002.
Moran, M. D. and and, 1996: Evaluation of a mesoscale atmospheric dispersion modeling system with observations from the 1980 Great Plains mesoscale tracer experiment. Part I: Datasets and meteorological simulations. J. Appl. Meteor., 35, 281-307.
Moran, M. D., R. T. McNider, and R. A. Pielke, 1987: Diurnal influences on mesoscale atmospheric dispersion. Proc. Third Conf. on mesoscale Processes, Vancouver, BC.
Moran, M. D. and R. A. Pielke, 1994: Delayed shear dispersion in mesoscale atmospheric dispersion. Proc. 8th Joint AMS/ AWMA Conf. on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology, Nashville, TN.
Moran, M. D. and R. A. Pielke, 1996: Evaluation of a mesoscale atmospheric dispersion modeling system with observations from the 1980 Great Plains mesoscale tracer experiment. Part II: Dispersion simulations. J. Appl. Meteor., 35, 308-329.
Moran, M. S., T. R. Clarke, W. P. Kustas, M. A. Weltz, and S. A. Amer, 1994: Evaluation of hydrologic parameters in semiarid rangeland using remotely sensed spectral data. Water Resourc. Res., 30, 1287-1297.
Moran, M. S., W. P. Kustas, A. Vidal, D. I. Stannard, J. H. Balnford, and W. D. Nichols, 1994: Use of ground-based remotely sensed data for surface energy balance evaluation of a semiarid rangeland. Water Resourc. Res., 30, 1339-1349.
Morawitz, W. M. L., B. D. Cornuelle, and P. F. Worcester, 1996: A case study in three-dimensional inverse methods in the Greenland Sea. Combining hydrographic, acoustic, and moored thermistor data. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 13, 659-679.
Morbidelli, A. and A. Giorgilli, 1995: Superexponential stability of KAM tori. J. Stat. Phys., 78, 1607-1617.
Morcrette, J.-J., 1989: Parameterization of radiation transfer in the ECMWF model. Proc. Seminar on Ten Years of Medium-Range Weather Forecasting, Reading, United Kingdom.
Morcrette, J.-J., 1990: Impact of changes in the radiation transfer parameterization plus cloud optical properties in the ECMWF model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 847-873.
Morcrette, J.-J., 1991: Radiation and cloud radiative properties in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting system. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 9121-9132.
Morcrette, J.-J., 1993: Revision of the clear-sky and cloud radiative properties in the ECMWF model. ECMWF Newslett. 61, 3-14. Parsons, D.
Morcrette, J.-J., 2000: On the Effects of the Temporal and Spatial Sampling of Radiation Fields on the ECMWF Forecasts and Analyses. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 876-887.
Morcrette, J. J., 1990: Impact of changes to the radiation transfer parameterizations plus cloud optical properties in the ECMWF model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 847-873.
Morcrette, J. J., 2002: Assessment of the ECMWF Model Cloudiness and Surface Radiation Fields at the ARM SGP Site. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 257-277.
Morcrette, J. J., 2002: The Surface Downward Longwave Radiation in the ECMWF Forecast System. J. Climate, 15, 1875-1892.
Morcrette, J.-J., L. Smith, and Y. Fouquart, 1986: Pressure and temperature dependence of the absorption in long wave radiation parametrizations. Beitr. Phys. Atmos., 59, 455-469.
Moreau, F., C. Mallet, S. Thiria, B. Mabboux, F. Badran, and C. Klapisz, 2002: Atmospheric Liquid Water Retrieval Using a Gated Experts Neural Network. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 19, 457-467.
Moreels, G. and H. Herse, 1977: Photographic evidence of waves around the 85 kms level. Planet. Space Sci., 25, 265-273.
Morel, A., 1988: Optical modeling of the upper ocean in relation to its biogenous matter content (case I waters). J. Geophys. Res., 93, 10749-10768.
Morel, A., 1991: Light and marine photosynthesis: A spectral model with geochemical and climatological implications. Progress in Oceanography. Vol. 26, Pergamon, 263-306.
Morel, A. and D. Antoine, 1994: Heating rate within the upper ocean in relation to its biooptical state. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 1652-1665.
Morel, A. and L. Prieur, 1977: Analysis of variations of ocean color. Limnol. Oceanogr., 22, 709-722.
Morel, C. and S. Senesi, 2002: A climatology of mesoscale convective systems over Europe using satellite infrared imagery. I: Methodology. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 128, 1953-1972.
Morel, C. and S. Senesi, 2002: A climatology of mesoscale convective systems over Europe using satellite infrared imagery. II: Characteristics of European mesoscale convective systems. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 128, 1973-1996.
Morel, J. E., M. L. Hall, and M. J. Shashkov, 2001: A Local Support-Operators Diffusion Discretization Scheme for Hexahedral Meshes. J. Comp. Phy., 170, 338-372.
Morel, P., 1994: Scientific issues underlying the global energy and water cycle. Abstracts. European Conf. on the Global Energy and Water Cycle, London, The Royal Meteorological Society.
Morel, P. and W. Bandeen, 1973: The EOLE experiment: Early results and current objectives. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 54, 298-306.
Morgan, G., B. J. Morrison, and G. K. Mather, 1989: Measurement of total and condensed water mixing ratios in warm-based cumulus clouds by a jet engine evaporation technique. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 40, 187-199.
Morgan, G., M. Schormann, and G. K. Mather, 2000: A Calorimetric Jet Engine Technique for Estimating the Condensed Water Mixing Ratio in Cumulus Clouds for Cloud Physical and Weather Modification Research. J. App. Meteor., 39, 1837.
Morgan, G. M. and E. A. Mueller, 1972: The total liquid water mass of large convective storms. Proc. 15th Radar Meteorology Conference, Champaign-Urbana, IL.
Morgan, G. M. and N. G. Towery, 1976: On the role of strong winds in damage to crops by hail and its measurement with a simple instrument. J. Appl. Meteor., 15, 891-898.
Morgan, G. W., 1956: On the wind-driven ocean circulation. Tellus, 8, 301-320.
Morgan, M. C., 1999: Using Piecewise Potential Vorticity Inversion to Diagnose Frontogenesis. Part I: A Partitioning of the Q Vector Applied to Diagnosing Surface Frontogenesis and Vertical Motion. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 2796-2821.
Morgan, M. C. and J. W. Nielsen-Gammon, 1998: Using Tropopause Maps to Diagnose Midlatitude Weather Systems. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 2555-2579.
Morgenstern, O. and G. D. Carver, 2001: Comparison of cross-tropopause transport and ozone in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere region (Paper 2000JD900802). J. Geophy. Res., 106, 10,205-10,222.
Morild, E. and J. E. OQlmheim, 1980: Pressure dependence of the oxygen electrode. J. Electrochem. Soc., 127, 2356-2360.
Morimoto, S., T. Nakazawa, and S. Aoki, 2000: Latitudinal distribution of atmospheric CO2 sources and sinks inferred by delta13C measurements from 1985 to 1991. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 24315.
Morison, J. H., 1995: Autonomous vehicle and hydrographic buoy measurements during ANZFLUX. Antarct. J. U.S., in.
Morison, J. H., R. Anderson, N. Larson, E. D'Asaro, and T. Boyd, 1994: The correction for thermallag effects in Sea-Bird CTD data. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 11, 1151-1164.
Morison, J. H., M. G. McPhee, T. B. Curtin, and C. A. Paulson, 1992: The oceanography of winter leads. J. Geophys. Res., 97(C7), 11199-11218.
Morison, R. P., L. M. Leslie, and M. S. Speer, 2002: Atmospheric modelling of air pollution as a tool for environmental prediction and management. Meteor. Atmos. Phy., 80, 141-152.
Morita, K. and Y. Shimizu, 1989: Micro-hole array for oxygen elec-trode. Anal. Chem., 61, 159-162.
Moritz, R. E., J. A. Beesley, and K. Runciman-Moore, 1992: modeling the interactions of sea ice and climate in the central arctic. Third Conf. Polar Meteorology and Oceanography, Portland, OR. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 105-108.
Moriyama, S. and T. Iwashima, 1980: A spectral model of the Atmospheric general circulation of Mars: A numerical experiment including the effects of the suspended dust and the topography. J. Geophys. Res., 85, 2847-2860.
Morlet, J., 1982: Wave propagation and sampling theory. Geophys., 47, 222-236.
Morlet, J., G. Arens, I. Fourgeau, and D. Giard, 1982: Wave propagation and sampling theory. Geophysics, 47, 203-236.
Morley, B. M., E. E. Uthe, and W. Viezee, 1989: Airborne lidar observations of clouds in the Antarctic troposphere. Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 491-494.
Moron, V., 1994: Guinean and Saharan rainfall anomaly indices at annual and monthly time scales (1933-1990). Int. J. Climatol., 14, 325-341.
Moron, V., 1995: Variability of the African convection centre as viewed by outgoing longwave radiation records and relationships with seasurface temperature patterns. Int. J. Climatol., 15, 25-34.
Moroz, I. and and, 1984: Nonlinear amplitude evolution of baroclinic wave trains and wave packets. Stud. Appl. Math., 70, 21-62.
Moroz, I. and J. Brindley, 1981: Evolution of baroclinic wave packets in a flow with continuous shear and stratification. Proc. Roy. Soc. London, A667, 374-404.
Moroz, W. J., 1967: A lake breeze on the eastern shore of Lake Michigan: Observations and model. J. Atmos. Sci., 24, 337-355.
Morris, D. A., K. C. Crawford, K. A. Kloesel, and G. Kitch, 2002: OK-FIRST: An Example of Successful Collaboration between the Meteorological and Emergency Response Communities on 3 May 1999. Wea. Forecasting, 17, 567-576.
Morris, R. E. and T. C. Myers, 1990: User's Guide to the Urban.
Morris, W. E. and P. J. Smith, 2001: Cyclolysis: A Diagnosis of Two Extratropical Cyclones. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 2714-2729.
Morrissey, M. L., 1986: A statistical analysis among rainfall, outgoing longwave radiation and the moisture budget during January-March, 1979. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 931-942.
Morrissey, M. L., 1990: An evaluation of ship data in the equatorial western Pacific. J. Climate, 3, 99-112.
Morrissey, M. L., 1991: Using sparse raingages to calibrate satellite-based rainfall algorithms. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 18561-18571.
Morrissey, M. L. and J. S. Greene, 1991: The Pacific atoll raingage.
Morrissey, M. L. and J. S. Greene, 1991: The Pacific Atoll Raingage Data Set. University of Hawaii at Manoa, 45.
Morrissey, M. L. and J. S. Greene, 1993: A comparison of two satellite-based rainfall algorithms using Pacific atoll raingage data. J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 411-425.
Morrissey, M. L., M. A. Shafer, S. E. Postawko, and B. Gibson, 1995: The Pacific rain gage rainfall database. Water Resour. Res., 31, 2111-2113.
Morrissey, M. L. and Y. Wang, 1994: Sampling induced biases in satellite rainfall estimates over tropical oceans. Preprints, Seventh Conf. on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, Monterey, CA.
Morrissey, M. L. and Y. Wang, 1995: Verifying satellite microwave rainfall estimates over the open ocean. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 794-804.
Morrow, R., R. Coleman, J. Church, and D. Chelton, 1994: Surface eddy momentum flux and velocity variances in the Southern Ocean from Geosat altimetry. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 2050-2071.
Morrow, R. and P. D. Mey, 1995: Adjoint assimilation of altimetric, surface drifter, and hydrographic data in a quasi-geostrophic model of the Azores Current. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 25007-25025.
Morse, A. P., B. A. Gardiner, and B. J. Marshall, 2002: Mechanisms Controlling Turbulence Development across a Forest Edge. Bound. Layer Meteor., 103, 227-251.
Morse, C. S., R. K. Goodrich, and L. B. Cornman, 2002: The NIMA Method for Improved Moment Estimation from Doppler Spectra. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 19, 274-295.
Mortimer, C. H., 1963: Frontiers in physical limnology with particular reference to long waves in rotating basins. Proc. 6th Conf. Great Lakes Res., 9, 9-42.
Morton, B. R., 1970: The physics of fire whirls. Fire Research Abstr. Rev. 12, 1-19.
Morton, B. R., 1984: The generation and decay of vorticity. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 28, 277-308.
Morton, B. R., G. Taylor, and J. S. Turner, 1956: Turbulent gravitational convection from maintained and instantaneous sources. Proc. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. A, 234.
Morton, B. R., S. G. Taylor, and J. S. Turner, 1956: Turbulent gravitational convection from maintained and instantaneous sources. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A., 235, 1-23.
Mory, M., M. E. Stern, and R. W. Griffiths, 1987: Coherent baroclinic eddies on a sloping bottom. J. Fluid Mech., 183, 45-62.
Moser, J., 1958: On the generalization of a theorem of A. Liapounoff. Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 11, 257-271.
Moser, R. D., 1994: Kolmogorov inertial range spectra for inhomogeneous turbulence. Phys. Fluids, 6, 794-801.
Moser, R. D. and M. M. Rogers, 1993: The three-dimensional evolution of a plane mixing layer. J. Fluid Mech., 247, 275-320.
Moss, M. S. and S. L. Rosenthal, 1975: On the estimation of planetary boundary layer variables in mature hurricanes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 103, 980-988.
Moss, S. J. and D. W. Johnson, 1994: Aircraft measurements to validate and improve numerical model parameterization of ice to water ratios in clouds. Atmos. Res., 34, 1-25.
Mossop, S. C., 1976: Production of secondary ice particles during the growth of graupel by riming. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 102, 45-57.
Mossop, S. C., 1978: The influence of drop size distribution on the production of secondary ice particles during graupel growth. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 104, 323-330.
Mossop, S. C., 1985: The origin and concentration of ice crystals in clouds. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 66, 264-273.
Mossop, S. C., R. E. Cottis, and B. M. Bartlett, 1972: Ice crystal concentrations in cumulus and stratocumulus clouds. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 98, 105-123.
Mossop, S. C. and J. Hallett, 1974: Ice crystal concentration in cumulus clouds: Influence of drop spectrum. Science, 186, 632-633.
Mossop, S. C. and A. Ono, 1969: Measurements of ice crystal concentrations in clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 26, 130-137.
Mostek, A. and N. W. Junker, 1989: Quantitative precipitation forecast verification at the National Meteorological Center. Preprints, 12th Conf. on Weather Analysis and Forecasting, Monterey, CA.
Mosteller, F. and J. W. Tukey, 1977: Data Analysis and Regression. Addison-Wesley, 588 pp.
Moszkowicz, S., G. J. Ciach, and W. F. Krajewski, 1994: Statistical detection of anomalous propagation in radar reflectivity patterns. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 11, 1026-1034.
Mote, P. W., K. H. Rosenlof, J. R. Holton, R. S. Harwood, and J. W. Waters, 1995: Seasonal variations of water vapor in the tropical lower stratosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1093-1096.
Mote, P. W., P. A. Stott, and R. S. Harwood, 1998: Stratospheric Flow during Two Recent Winters Simulated by a Mechanistic Model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 1655-1680.
Motha, R., S. K. Leduc, L. T. Steavert, C. M. Sakamoto, and N. D. Strommen, 1980: Precipitation pattern in West Africa. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 1567-1578.
Mott, D. R., E. S. Oran, and B. van Leer, 2000: A Quasi-Steady-State Solver for the Stiff Ordinary Differential Equations of Reaction Kinetics. J. Comp. Phys., 164, 407.
Moukalled, F. and M. Darwish, 2001: A High-Resolution Pressure-Based Algorithm for Fluid Flow at All Speeds. J. Comp. Phys., 168, 101.
Moum, J. N., 1990: The quest for Kr-Preliminary results from di-rect measurements of turbulent fluxes in the ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 1980-1984.
Moum, J. N. and D. R. Caldwell, 1985: Local influences on shear-flow turbulence in the equatorial ocean. Science, 230, 315-316.
Moum, J. N., D. R. Caldwell, and C. A. Paulson, 1989: Mixing in the equatorial surface layer and thermocline. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 2005-2021.
Moum, J. N., M. C. Gregg, R.-C. Lien, and M.-E. Carr, 1995: Comparison of turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rate estimates from two ocean microstructure profilers. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 12, 346-366.
Moum, J. N., D. Hebert, C. A. Paulson, and D. R. Caldwell, 1992: Turbulence and internal waves at the equator. Part I: Statistics from towed thermistors and a microstructure profiler. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 1330-1345.
Moum, J. N., M. J. McPhaden, D. Hebert, H. Peters, C. A. Paulson, and D. R. Caldwell, 1992: Internal waves, dynamic instabilities, and turbulence in the equatorial thermocline: An introduction to three papers in this issue. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 1357-1359.
Moum, J. N. and T. R. Osborn, 1986: Mixing in the main thermocline. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 16, 1250-1259.
Moum, J. N., C. A. Paulson, T. K. Chereskin, and L. A. Regier, 1986: Does oceanic turbulence peak at the equator? J. Phys. Oceanogr., 16, 1991-1994.
Moura, A., 1992: International research institute for climate prediction: A proposal. Office of Global Programs. NOAA, Silver Spring, MD.
Moura, A. D. and J. Shukla, 1981: On the dynamics of droughts in northeast Brazil: Observations, theory and numerical experiments with a general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 2653-2675.
Mourad, P. D. and R. A. Brown, 1990: Multiscale large eddy states in weakly stratified planetary boundary layers. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 414-438.
Moussiopoulos, N., 1993: APSIS: Athenian photochemical smog-Intercomparison of simulations. Environ. News. -1.
Moussiopoulos, N., 1995: The EUMAC zooming-model, a tool for local regional air-quality study. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 57, 115-133.
Moussiopoulos, N., T. Flassak, P. Sahm, and D. Berlowitz, 1993: Simulation of the wind field in Athens with the nonhydrostatic mesoscale model MEMO. Environ. Software, 8, 29-42.
Moussiopoulos, N. and P. Sahm, 1994: Prediction of wind flow and ozone formation in Athens for the APSIS B2 exercise using the EUMAC zooming model. Air Pollution Modeling and its Application. S. E. Gryning and M. M. Millan, Plenum Press, 669-672.
Moussiopoulos, N., P. Sahm, T. Flassak, and D. Berlowitz, 1993: Simulations of the wind field in Athens with the non-hydrostatic mesoscale model MEMO. Environ. Soft., 8, 29-42. Pielke, R. A., W. R. Cotton, R. L. Walko, C. J. Tremback, W. A.
Moustaoui, M., J. F. Royer, and F. Chauvin, 2002: African easterly wave activity in a variable resolution GCM. Climate Dynamics, 19, 289-302.
Moustaoui, M., H. Teitelbaum, P. F. J. v. Velthoven, and H. Kelder, 1999: Analysis of Gravity Waves during the POLINAT Experiment and Some Consequences for Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1019-1030.
Mouzakis, F. N. and G. Bergeles, 1991: Pollutant dispersion over a triangular ridge: A numerical study. Atmos. Environ., 25A, 371-379.
Moyer, K. A., S. P. Anderson, and R. A. Weller, 1996: Observations of surface forcing from the Subduction experiment and TOGA COARE: A comparison with global model products and climatology. Proc. WCRP Workshop on Air-Sea Flux Fields for Forcing Ocean Models and Validation of GCM's, Reading, UK.
Moyer, K. A. and G. S. Young, 1991: Observations of vertical velocity skewness within the marine stratocumulus-topped boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 403-410.
Moyer, K. A. and G. S. Young, 1993: Buoyant forcing within the stratocumulus-topped boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2759-2771.
Mozer, J. B. and and, 1996: Lee vorticity production by large-scale tropical mountain ranges. Part II: Mechanism for the production of African waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 539-549.
Mozer, J. B. and J. A. Zehnder, 1994: Cluster analysis of eastern North Pacific tropical cyclogenesis precursors. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 8085-8093.
Mozer, J. B. and J. A. Zehnder, 1996: Lee vorticity production by large-scale tropical mountain ranges. Part I: Eastern North Pacific tropical cyclogenesis. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 521-538.
M'Sirdi, N. K., 1987: Mode´lisation parame´trique adaptative et applications a` l'analyse spectrale. Doctoral dissertation. University of Grenoble, 268.
Mu, M., 1995: Some advances in the study of nonlinear instability of the atmospheric motions. Chin. J. Atmos. Sci., 19, 318-334.
Mu, M., Z. Qingcun, T. G. Shepherd, and Y. Liu, 1994: Nonlinear stability of multilayer quasi-geostrophic flow. J. Fluid Mech., 264, 165-184.
Mu, M. and T. G. Shepherd, 1994: Nonlinear stability of Eady's model. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 3427-3436.
Mu, M. and T. G. Shepherd, 1994: On Arnol'd second stability theorem for two-dimensional quasigeostrophic flow. Geophys. As-trophys. Fluid Dyn., 75, 21-37.
Mu, M. and J. Simon, 1993: A remark on nonlinear stability of three-dimensional quasigeostrophic motions. Chin. Sci. Bull., 38, 1978-1989.
Mu, M., V. Vladimirov, and Y.-H. Wu, 1999: Energy-Casimir and Energy-Lagrange Methods in the Study of Nonlinear Symmetric Stability Problems. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 400-411.
Mu, M. and X. Wang, 1992: Nonlinear stability criteria for the motion of three-dimensional quasigeostrophic flow on a b-plane. Nonlinearity, 5, 353-371.
Mu, M., D. Wansuo, and W. Jiacheng, 2002: The Predictability Problems in Numerical Weather and Climate Prediction. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 19, 191-204.
Mu® ller, H. and H. Quenzel, 1985: Information content of multispectral lidar measurements with respect to the aerosol size distribution. Appl. Opt., 24, 648-654.
Mu® ller, P., D. J. Olbers, and J. Willebrand, 1978: The IWEX spectrum. J. Geophys. Res., 83, 479-500.
Mu® nchow, A., R. W. Garvine, and T. F. Pfeiffer, 1992: Subtidal currents from a shipboard ADCP in tidally dominated waters. Contin. Shelf Res., 12, 499-515.
Mu® nnich, M., M. A. Cane, and S. E. Zebiak, 1991: A study of self-excited oscillations of the tropical ocean-atmosphere system. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1238-1248.
Mu® rk, H., 1959: Nomogram for computing and reducing the characteristics of atmospheric transparency (in Russian, summary in English). Uurimusi Atmosfa®a ® rifu ®u® sikast, Vol. 1, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Estonian Academy of Sciences. 15-25.
Muck, B., C. Gunther, and L. Buhler, 2000: Three-dimensional MHD flows in rectangular ducts with internal obstacles. J. Fluid Mech., 265.
Mudde, R. F. and T. Saito, 2001: Hydrodynamical similarities between bubble column and bubbly pipe flow. J. Fluid Mech., 437, 203-228.
Mudrick, S., 1974: A numerical study of frontogenesis. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 869-892.
Muelbert, Z. H., M. L. Lewis, and D. E. Kelley, 1994: The importance of small-scale turbulence in the feeding of herring larvae. J. Plankton Res., 16, 927-944.
Mueller, C. K. and R. E. Carbone, 1987: Dynamics of a thunderstorm outflow. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 1879-1898.
Mueller, C. K. and P. H. Hildebrand, 1985: Evaluation of Meteorological airborne radar. Part II: Triple Doppler analysis of air motions. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 2, 381-392.
Mueller, C. K., J. W. Wilson, and N. A. Crook, 1993: The utility of sounding and mesonet data to nowcast thunderstorm initiation. Wea. Forecasting, 8, 132-146.
Mueller, E. A., 1984: Calculation procedure for differential propagation phase shift. Preprints, 22nd Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Zurich, Switzerland.
Mueller, E. A. and R. P. Larkin, 1985: Insects observed using dual polarization radar. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 2, 49-54.
Mueller, S. F., 1994: Characterization of ambient ozone levels in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. J. Appl. Meteor., 33, 465-472.
Mueller, S. F. and R. E. Imhoff, 1989: Inferring cloud deposition to a forest canopy using a passive cloudwater collector. Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 683-686.
Mueller, S. F., J. D. J. Joslin, and M. H. Wolfe, 1991: Estimating cloud water deposition to subalpine spruce-fir forests-II. Model testing. Atmos. Environ., 25A, 1105-1122.
Muench, J., E. Kunze, and E. Firing, 1994: The potential vorticity structure of equatorial deep jets. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 418-428.
Muench, R. D., 1995: Upper layer current measurements in the eastern Weddell Sea during winter. Antarct. J. U.S., in press.
Muench, R. D., D. C. Smith, and C. A. Paulson, 1995: Convection beneath freezing leads: New observations compared with numerical model results. J. Geophys. Res., 100(C3), 4681-4692.
Mugnai, A. and E. A. Smith, 1988: Radiative transfer to space through a precipitating cloud at multiple microwave frequen-cies. Part I: Model description. J. Appl. Meteor., 27, 1055-1073.
Mugnai, A., E. A. Smith, and G. J. Tripoli, 1993: Foundations for physical-statistical precipitation retrieval from passive microwave satellite measurements. Part II: Emission source and generalized weighting function properties of a time dependent cloud-radiation model. J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 17-39.
Muinonen, K., 1989: Scattering of light by crystals: A modified Kirchhhof approximation. Appl. Opt., 28, 3044-3050.
Muinonen, K., K. Lumme, J. Peltoniemi, and W. M. Irvine, 1989: Light scattering by randomly oriented crystals. Appl. Opt., 28, 3051-3060.
Muinonen, K., T. Nousiainen, P. Fast, K. Lumme, and J. I. Peltoniem, 1996: Light scattering by Gaussian random particles: Ray optics approximation. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 55, 577-613.
Mukougawa, H., 1988: A dynamical model of ''quasi-stationary'' states in large-scale atmospheric motions. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 2868-2888.
Mukougawa, H., 1994: ''Periodic sequence'' embedded in aperiodic motions in the Lorenz system. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 72, 747-763.
Mulhearn, P. J., 1981: On the formation of a stably stratified internal boundary-layer by advection of warm air over a cooler sea. Bound. Layer Meteor., 21, 247-254.
Mulhearn, P. J., 1987: The Tasman front: A study using satellite infrared imagery. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 1148-1155.
Mullen, S. L., 1979: An investigation of small synoptic-scale cyclones in polar air stream. Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 1636-1647.
Mullen, S. L., 1986: The local balances of vorticity and heat for blocking anticyclones in a spectral general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1406-1441.
Mullen, S. L., 1989: The impact of orography on blocking frequency in a general circulation model. J. Climate, 2, 1554-1560.
Mullen, S. L., 1994: The impact of an envelope orography on low-frequency variability and blocking in a low-resolution general circulation model. J. Climate, 7, 1815-1826.
Mullen, S. L. and D. P. Baumhefner, 1988: Sensitivity of numerical simulations of explosive oceanic cyclogenesis to changes in physical parameterizations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 2289-2329.
Mullen, S. L. and R. Buizza, 2001: Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts over the United States by the ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 638.
Mullen, S. L. and R. Buizza, 2002: The Impact of Horizontal Resolution and Ensemble Size on Probabilistic Forecasts of Precipitation by the ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System. Wea. Forecasting, 17, 173-191.
Mullen, S. L., J. Du, and F. Sanders, 1999: The Dependence of Ensemble Dispersion on Analysis-Forecast Systems: Implications to Short-Range Ensemble Forecasting of Precipitation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 1674-1686.
Mullen, S. L., J. T. Schmitz, and N. O. Rennó, 1998: Intraseasonal Variability of the Summer Monsoon over Southeast Arizona. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 3016-3035.
Muller, B., D. Boucher, and S. C. Sherwood, 1995: The three-dimensional water vapor distribution from SSMT/ 2 satellite during.
Muller, B. M. and H. E. Fuelberg, 1990: A simulation and diagnostic study of water vapor image dry bands. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 705-722.
Müller, G., B. Brümmer, and W. Alpers, 1999: Roll Convection within an Arctic Cold-Air Outbreak: Interpretation of In Situ Aircraft Measurements and Spaceborne SAR Imagery by a Three-Dimensional Atmospheric Model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 363-380.
Muller, H. G. and S. P. Kingsley, 1974: On the scale sizes of wind systems in the meteor zone. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 36, 1851-1861.
Muller, J. R., G. Ito, and S. J. Martel, 2001: Effects of volcano loading on dike propagation in an elastic half-space (Paper 2000JB900461). J. Geophy. Res., 106, 11,101-11,114.
Muller, K. E., 1982: Understanding canonical correlation through the general linear model and principal components. Amer. Stat., 36, 342-354.
Müller, K. M., U. Langematz, and S. Pawson, 1997: The Stratopause Semiannual Oscillation in the Berlin Troposphere-Stratosphere-Mesosphere GCM. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 2749-2759.
Muller, P. and G. Holloway, 1989: Parameterization of small scale processes. Eos. Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 70, 818-830.
Muller, R., U. Schmidt, A. Engel, D. S. McKenna, and M. H. Proffitt, 2001: The O3-N2O relation from balloon-borne observations as a measure of Arctic ozone loss in 1991/92. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 1389-1412.
Muller, R. A., 1966: Snowbelts of the Great Lakes. Weatherwise, 19, 248-255.
Muller, R. H., 1944: Verification of short-range weather forecasts (A survey of the literature ) II. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 25, 47-53.
Muller, R. H., 1944: Verification of short-range weather forecasts (A survey of the literature ) III (Conclusion). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 25, 88-95.
Muller, R. H., 1944: Verification of short-range weather forecasts (A survey of the literature ). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 25, 18-27.
Mumpower, J., P. Middleton, R. L. Dennis, T. R. Stewart, and V. Viers, 1981: Visual air quality assessment: Denver case study. Atmos. Environ., 15, 2433-2441.
Munger, J. W., S. C. Wofsy, P. S. Bakwin, S.-M. Fan, M. L. Goulden, B. C. Daube, A. H. Goldstein, K. E. Moore, and D. R. Fitzjarrald, 1995: Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen oxides and ozone and a temperature deciduous forest and a sub-arctic woodland. 1. Measurements and mechanisms. J. Geophys. Res., In press.
Munk, W., M. Dzieciuch, and S. Jayne, 2002: Millennial Climate Variability: Is There a Tidal Connection? J. Climate, 15, 370-385.
Munk, W. H., 1950: On the wind-driven ocean circulation. J. Meteor., 7, 79-93.
Munk, W. H., 1980: Internal wave spectra at the buoyant and inertial frequencies. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10, 1718-1728.
Munk, W. H. and G. F. Carrier, 1950: The wind-driven circulation in ocean basins of various shapes. Tellus, 3, 158-167.
Munk, W. H. and E. Palme¥n, 1951: Note on the dynamics of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Tellus, 3, 53-55.
Munnich, M., M. A. Cane, and S. E. Zebiak, 1991: A study of self-excited oscillations of the tropical ocean-atmosphere system. Part II: Nonlinear cases. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1238-1248.
Muradoglu, M., S. B. Pope, and D. A. Caughey, 2001: The Hybrid Method for the PDF Equations of Turbulent Reactive Flows: Consistency Conditions and Correction Algorithms. J. Comput. Phy., 172, 841-878.
Murakami, M., 1979: Large-scale aspects of deep convection activity over the GATE area. Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 994-1013.
Murakami, M., 1980: Temporal variations of satellite-observed outgoing long-wave radiation over the winter monsoon region. Part I: Longperiod (15-30 day) oscillations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 408-426.
Murakami, M., 1990: Numerical modeling of dynamic and microphysical evolution of an isolated convective cloud-The 19 July 1981 CCOPE cloud. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan., 68, 107-127.
Murakami, T., 1980: Empirical orthogonal function analysis of satelliteobserved outgoing longwave radiation during summer. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 205-222.
Murakami, T., 1988: Intraseasonal atmospheric teleconnection patterns during the Northern Hemisphere winter. J. Climate, 1, 117-131.
Murakami, T. and Y.-H. Ding, 1982: Wind and temperature changes over Eurasia during the early summer of 1979. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 60, 183-196.
Murakami, T. and J. Matsumoto, 1994: Summer monsoon over the Asian continent and western North Pacific. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 72, 719-745.
Murakami, T. and T. Nakazawa, 1985: Transition from the Southern to Northern Hemisphere summer monsoon. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 1470-1486.
Murakami, T. and W. L. Sumathipala, 1989: Westerly bursts during the 1982/ 83 ENSO. J. Climate, 2, 71-85.
Murakami, T. and A. Sumi, 1982: Southern Hemisphere summer monsoon circulation during the 1978-1979 WMONEX region. Part I. Monthly mean wind fields. J. Meteor. Soc., Japan, 60.
Murakami, T. and A. Sumi, 1982: Southern Hemisphere summer monsoon circulation during the 1978-1979 WMONEX. Part II: Onset, active and break monsoons. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 60, 649-671.
Murakami, T. and S. Unninayer, 1977: Atmospheric circulation during December 1970 through February 1971. Mon. Wea. Rev., 105, 1024-1038.
Murakami, T. and B. Wang, 1993: Annual cycle of equatorial eastwest circulation over the Indian and Pacific Oceans. J. Climate, 6, 932-952.
Muraki, D. J., C. Snyder, and R. Rotunno, 1999: The Next-Order Corrections to Quasigeostrophic Theory. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1547-1560.
Muraoka, Y., T. Sugiyama, and K. Kawahira, 1988: Cause of a monochromatic inertia-gravity wave breaking observed by the MU radar. Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 1349-1352.
Murata, F., and coauthors, 2002: Relationship between Wind and Precipitation Observed with UHF Radar, GPS Rawinsondes and Surface Meteorological Instruments at Kototabang, West Sumatera during September-October 1998. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 80, 347-360.
Murayama, Y., T. Tsuda, R. Wilson, H. Nakane, S. A. Hayashida, N. Sugimoto, I. Matsui, and Y. Sasano, 1994: Gravity wave activity in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere observed with the Rayleigh lidar at Tsukuba. Japan, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21.
Murcray, D., 1984: Atmospheric transmission in the 750-2000 ?m region. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 32, 381-396.
Murcray, F. H., F. J. Murcray, D. Murcray, J. Pritchard, G. Vanasse, and H. Sakai, 1984: Liquid nitrogen-cooled Fou-rier spectrometer system for measuring atmospheric emission at high altitudes. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 1, 351-357.
Murcray, W. B., 1970: On the possibility of weather modification by aircraft contrails. Mon. Wea. Rev., 98, 745-748.
Mureau, R., F. Molteni, and T. Palmer, 1993: Ensemble prediction using dynamically conditioned perturbations. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 119, 299-325.
Mureau, R., F. Molteni, and T. N. Palmer, 1993: Ensemble prediction using dynamically conditioned perturbations. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 119, 299-323.
Murgatroyd, R. J. and R. M. Goody, 1958: Sources and sinks of radiative energy from 30 to 90 km. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 84, 225-234.
Murgatroyd, R. J. and F. Singleton, 1961: Possible meridional circulations in the stratosphere and mesosphere. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 87, 125-135.
Murikami, T. and B. Wang, 1993: Annual cycle of equatorial eastwest circulation over the Indian and Pacific oceans. J. Climate, 6, 932-954.
Murphree, T. and H. v. d. Dool, 1988: Calculating tropical winds from time mean sea level pressure fields. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 3269-3282.
Murphy, A. H., 1969: Measures of the utility of probabilistic predictions in cost-loss ratio decision situations in which knowledge of the cost-loss ratios is incomplete. J. Appl. Climatol., 8, 863-873.
Murphy, A. H., 1973: A new vector partition of the probability score. J. Appl. Meteor., 12, 595-600.
Murphy, A. H., 1977: The value of climatological, categorical and probabilistic forecasts in the cost-loss ratio situation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 105, 803-816.
Murphy, A. H., 1988: Skill scores based on the mean square error and their relationship to the correlation coefficient. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 2417-2424.
Murphy, A. H., 1988: Skill scores based on the mean square error and their relationships to the correlation coefficient. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 2417-2424.
Murphy, A. H., 1991: Forecast verification: Its complexity and dimensionality. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 1590-1601.
Murphy, A. H., 1992: Climatology, persistence, and their linear combination as standards of reference in skill scores. Wea. Forecasting, 7, 692-698.
Murphy, A. H., 1993: What is a good forecast? An essay on the nature of goodness in weather forecasting. Wea. Forecasting, 8, 281-293.
Murphy, A. H., 1994: Assessing the economic value of weather forecasts: An overview of methods, results and issues. Meteor. Applications, 1, 69-73.
Murphy, A. H., 1996: The Finley Affair: A signal event in the history of forecast verification. Wea. Forecasting, 11, 3-20.
Murphy, A. H., B. G. Brown, and Y.-S. Chen, 1989: Diagnostic verification of temperature forecasts. Wea. Forecasting, 4, 485-501.
Murphy, A. H. and H. Dean, 1985: Forecast evaluation. Probability, Statistics, and Decision Making in the Atmospheric Sciences, Murphy, A. H. and R. W. Katz, Eds., Westview Press, 397-437.
Murphy, A. H. and M. Ehrendorfer, 1987: On the relationship between the accuracy and value of forecasts in the cost-loss ratio situation. Wea. Forecasting, 2, 243-251.
Murphy, A. H. and E. S. Epstein, 1989: Skill scores and correlation coefficients in model verification. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 572-581.
Murphy, A. H. and E. S. Epstein, 1992: Diagnostic verification of probability forecasts. Int. J. Forecasting, 7, 435-455.
Murphy, A. H. and J. Huang, 1991: On the quality of CAC's prob-abilistic 30-day and 90-day forecasts. Preprints, Proc. 16th Annual Climate Diagnostic Workshop, Los Angeles, CA.
Murphy, A. H. and R. W. Katz, 1985: Probability, Statistics and Decision-Making in the Atmospheric Sciences. Westview Press, 545.
Murphy, A. H. and R. L. Winkler, 1987: A general framework for forecast verification. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1330-1338.
Murphy, B. F., P. Pettre, and I. Simmonds, 2002: Effects of changing baroclinicity on the southern hemisphere extratropical circulation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 128, 1807-1826.
Murphy, B. F. and I. Simmonds, 1993: An analysis of strong wind events in a GCM near Casey in the Antarctic. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 522-534.
Murphy, D. J. and R. A. Vincent, 2000: Amplitude enhancements in Antarctic MF radar echoes. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 26683.
Murphy, J. M., 1988: The impact of ensemble forecasts on predictability. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 114, 463-493.
Murphy, J. M., 1990: Assessment of the practical utility of extended range ensemble forecasts. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 116, 89-125.
Murphy, J. M., 1990: Assessment of the practical utility of extended-range ensemble forecasts. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 116, 89-125.
Murphy, J. R., R. M. Haberle, O. B. Toon, and J. B. Pollack, 1993: Martian global dust storms: Zonally symmetric numerical simulations including size-dependent particle transport. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 3197-3220.
Murphy, J. R., C. B. Leovy, and J. E. Tillman, 1990: Observations of surface winds in the Martian subtropics. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 14555-14576.
Murphy, P. P., Y. Nojiri, Y. Fujinuma, C. S. Wong, J. Zeng, T. Kimoto, and H. Kimoto, 2001: Measurements of Surface Seawater fCO2 from Volunteer Commercial Ships: Techniques and Experiences from Skaugran. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 18, 1719-1734.
Murray, B. C. and R. L. Wildey, 1964: Surface temperature variations during the lunar nighttime. Astrophys. J., 139, 734-750.
Murray, F. W., 1967: On the computation of saturation vapor pressure. J. Appl. Meteor., 6, 203-204.
Murray, F. W., 1970: Numerical models of a tropical cumulus cloud with bilateral and axial symmetry. Mon. Wea. Rev., 98, 14-28.
Murray, F. W., L. R. Koenig, and P. M. Tag, 1978: Numerical simulation of an industrial cumulus and comparison with observations. J. Appl. Meteor., 17, 655-668.
Murray, R., 1952: Rain and snow in relation to the 1000-700 mb and 1000-500 mb thickness and the freezing level. Meteor. Mag., 81, 5-8.
Murray, R. J. and and, 1991: A numerical scheme for tracking cyclone centres from digital data. Part II: Application to January and July general circulation model simulations. Aust. Meteor. Mag., 39, 167-180.
Murray, R. J. and C. J. C. Reason, 2001: A Curvilinear Version of the Bryan-Cox-Semtner Ocean Model and Its Representation of the Arctic Circulation. J. Comp. Phy., 171, 1-46.
Murray, R. J. and I. Simmonds, 1991: A numerical scheme for tracking cyclone centres from digital data. Part I: Development and operation of the scheme. Aust. Meteor. Mag. 39, 155-166.
Murray, R. J. and I. Simmonds, 1991: A numerical scheme for tracking cyclone centres from digital data. Part II: Application to January and July general circulation model simulations. Aust. Meteor. Mag. 39, 167-179.
Murray, R. J. and I. Simmonds, 1991: A numerical scheme for tracking cyclone centres from digital data. Part I: Development and operation of the scheme. Aust. Meteor. Mag., 39, 155-166.
Murray, R. J. and I. Simmonds, 1991: A numerical scheme for tracking cyclone centres from digital data. Part II: Application to January and July general circulation model simulations. Aust. Meteor. Mag., 39, 167-180.
Murray, R. J. and I. Simmonds, 1991: A numerical scheme for tracking cyclone centres from digital data. Part I: Development and operation of the scheme. Aust. Meteor. Mag., 39, 155-166.
Murray, R. J. and I. Simmonds, 1995: Responses of climate and cyclones to reductions in Artic sea ice. J. Geophys. Res., 100( C3), 4791-4806.
Murthy, A. S. V. and R. S. Nanjundiah, 2000: Time-Splitting Errors in the Numerical Integration of Semilinear Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 3921.
Murthy, B. V. K., K. Satheesan, K. Parameswaran, M. N. Sasi, G. Ramkumar, Y. Bhavanikumar, K. Raghunath, and M. Krishniah, 2002: Equatorial waves in temperature in the altitude range 4 to 70 km. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 128, 819-838.
Murtugudde, R., J. Beauchamp, C. R. McClain, M. Lewis, and A. J. Busalacchi, 2002: Effects of Penetrative Radiation on the Upper Tropical Ocean Circulation. J. Climate, 15, 470-486.
Murtugudde, R., M. Cane, and V. Prasad, 1995: A reduced gravity, primitive equation, isopycnal ocean GCM: Formulation and simulations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 2864-2887.
Murty, D. G. K., W. L. Smith, H. M. Woolf, and C. M. Hayden, 1993: Comparison of radiances observed from satellite and aircraft with calculations using two atmospheric transmittance models. J. Appl. Opt., 32, 1620-1628.
Muschinski, A., P. B. Chilson, S. Kern, J. Nielinger, G. Schmidt, and T. Prenosil, 1999: First Frequency-Domain Interferometry Observations of Large-Scale Vertical Motion in the Atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1248-1258.
Muschinski, A., P. B. Chilson, and H. Steinhagen, 2001: Boundary-layer convection and diurnal variation of vertical-velocity characteristics in the free troposphere. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 423.
Muschinski, A. and C. Wode, 1998: First In Situ Evidence for Coexisting Submeter Temperature and Humidity Sheets in the Lower Free Troposphere*. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2893-2906.
Musgrove, C. and M. Brook, 1975: Microwave echo fluctuations produced by vibrating water drops. J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 2001-2007.
Musson-Genon, L., 1987: Numerical simulation of a fog event with a one-dimensional boundary layer model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 592-607.
Musson-Genon, L., 1989: Forecasting in the vertical with a local dynamical interpretation method. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 29-39.
Mutai, C. C. and M. N. Ward, 2000: East African Rainfall and the Tropical Circulation/Convection of Intraseasonal to Interannual Timescales. J. Climate, 13, 3915.
Mutlow, C. T., A. M. Za¥vody, I. J. Barton, and D. T. Llewellyn-Jones, 1994: Sea surface temperature measurements by the along track scanning radiometer on the ERS-1 satellite: Early results. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 22575-22588.
Mwangi, M. M., R. J. Sica, and P. S. Argall, 2001: Retrieval of molecular nitrogen and molecular oxygen densities in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere using ground-based lidar measurements (Paper 2000JD900669). J. Geophy. Res., 106, 10,313-10,324.
Myers, N., 1991: Tropical forest: Present status and future outlook. Clim. Change, 19, 3-32.
Myers, P. G., A. F. Fanning, and A. J. Weaver, 1995: On the cause of Gulf Stream separation in ocean models. J. Phys. Oceanogr.
Myers, P. G. and A. J. Weaver, 1992: Low-frequency internal oceanic variability under seasonal forcing. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 12707-12730.
Myers, P. G. and A. J. Weaver, 1995: A diagnostic barotropic finite-element ocean circulation model. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 12, 511-526.
Myhre, G., J. E. Jonson, J. Bartnicki, F. Stordal, and K. P. Shine, 2002: Role of spatial and temporal variations in the computation of radiative forcing due to sulphate aerosols: A regional study. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 128, 973-990.
Myhre, G., S. Karlsdottir, and F. Stordal, 2000: Radiative forcing due to changes in tropospheric ozone in the period 1980 to 1996. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 28935.
Mylne, K. R., 2002: Decision-making from probability forecasts based on forecast value. Meteor. Appl., 9, 307-316.
Mylne, M. F. and P. R. Rowntree, 1992: Modelling the effects of albedo change associated with tropical deforestation. Clim. Change, 21, 317-343.
Myneni, R. B., G. Asrar, and F. G. Hall, 1992: A three-dimensional radiative transfer method for optical remote sensing of vegetated land surfaces. Remote Sens. Environ., 41, 105-121.
Myneni, R. B., G. Asrar, D. Tanre, and B. J. Choudhury, 1992: Remote sensing of solar radiation absorbed and reflected by vegetated land surface. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 30, 302-314.
Myong, R. S., 2001: A Computational Method for Eu's Generalized Hydrodynamic Equations of Rarefied and Microscale Gasdynamics. J. Comp. Phys., 168, 47.
Myong, R. S., 2001: A Computational Method for Eu's Generalized Hydrodynamic Equations of Rarefield and Microscale Gasdynamics. J. Comp. Phy., 168, 47-72.
Myrup, L. O., 1969: A numerical model of the urban heat island. J. Appl. Meteor., 8, 908-918. Nichol.
Myrup, L. O. and A. J. Ranzieri, 1976: A consistent scheme for estimating diffusivities to be used in air quality models. Rep. CA-DOT-TL-7169-3-76-32. [Available from California Department of Transportation, Sacramento, CA 95812.].
Mysak, L. A., 1983: Generation of annual Rossby waves in the North Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 1908-1923.
Mysak, L. A. and Coauthors, 1990: Sea-ice anomalies observed in the Greenland and Labrador Seas during 1901-1984 and their relation to an interdecadal Arctic climate cycle. Climate Dyn., 5, 111-133.
Mysak, L. A. and D. K. Manak, 1989: Arctic sea-ice extent and anomalies, 1953-1984. Atmos.-Ocean, 27, 376-405.
Mysak, L. A. and S. B. Power, 1991: Greenland Sea ice and salinity anomalies and interdecadal climate variability. Climatol. Bull., 25, 81-91.